Preparation of Reduced Iron Powders from Mill Scale with Microwave Heating: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Ye, Qianxu; Zhu, H.; Peng, Jinhui; Kannan, Chellapandian; Chen, Jian; Dai, Linqing; Liu, Peng

doi:10.1007/s11663-013-9872-2

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…If c = 0 g, d = 0 g and the reductant is carbon, the stoichiometric content of reductant required for reduced completely of mill-scale is 15.78% [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To solve the problem of long reaction period for outer distribution coal under conventional heating and the high impurity content of products for inner distribution coal, a combination of the outer and inner distribution of wood-charcoal is used in this paper to prepare high quality reduced iron powder in the microwave field [19][20][21][22] considering the fact that mill-scale, coal and woodcharcoal all have a good property of microwave absorbing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of reduced iron powder using combined distribution of wood-charcoal by microwave heating

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…If c = 0 g, d = 0 g and the reductant is carbon, the stoichiometric content of reductant required for reduced completely of mill-scale is 15.78% [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of reduced iron powder using combined distribution of wood-charcoal by microwave heating

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…15) Synthesis of iron powders with 98.6% and 98.56% total Fe, from mill scale using wood charcoal as reducing agent and microwave heating is also reported. 16,17) Iron powder synthesis with 98.4% total Fe, from mill scale by using carbon monoxide as gaseous reducing agent is reported by Mechachti and co-workers. 18) In a similar way Joshi and Dhokey also reported the direct reduction of mill scale using hydrogen gas to produce iron powders with 90% purity for usage in powder metallurgy but most of study is focused towards reaction kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct Reduction Recycling of Mill Scale Through Iron Powder Synthesis

2019

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Mill scale, a potential raw material for recycling from hot rolling mill operations is chosen and one step thermo-chemical reduction technique is employed to beneficiate the iron content in the form of powdered iron. Experiments are conducted at various temperature (600-1 300°C) and time (1-4 h) combinations using hydrogen as reducing atmosphere. Physical and chemical properties of mill scale iron powders (MIP) are analysed using particle size analyser, gas pycnometer and wet chemical testing. MIP are also characterized for phase and morphology using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy respectively. Effect of parameters like temperature of reduction, time of reduction, particle size of raw material, sintering and grinding on the iron powder synthesis is well studied. Mill scale iron powder with > 99% degree of metallization, 97% Fe (T), > 96% Fe (met) and 2.63 g/cc apparent density is obtained at 1 200°C, 4 h and 1 300°C, 4 h parameters and this material would stand promising for recycling through nutrition supplements, body warmers, water purification, sound insulators, etc applications.

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“…Consequently, during the conventional heating method (CHM), when HAFA is activated using Na 2 CO 3 the reactants should be maintained at high temperature for extended times, which leads to considerable energy consumption. As a novel, green, and efficient heating method, the microwave heating method (MHM) presents incomparable advantages in terms of heating characteristics and heat transfer efficiency of materials [15]. Microwaves act on materials with fully enclosed power, causing the microwave-absorbing material of the HAFA activation system to become the preferential heat source for the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vacuum conditions on activation of high-alumina fly ash roasted using conventional and microwave heating

Kou

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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In this study, Na 2 CO 3 was used as activator to roast and activate high-alumina fly ash (HAFA), and the vacuum roasting technology was used to enhance the activation process of HAFA. The effects of the vacuum conditions on the activation of HAFA roasted using conventional and microwave heating were investigated. It was determined that the reaction time was shortened and the activation effect of HAFA was improved under vacuum conditions; however, the effect of the vacuum conditions on the roasting temperature was negligible. The activation process of HAFA-Na 2 CO 3 mixtures (HAFA/Na 2 CO 3 mass ratio of 1:1) was promoted by conducting conventional and microwave heating experiments under vacuum (−0.04 MPa). The leaching rate of aluminium of 93.00% was reached at the roasting temperature of 900°C after only 20 min when the HAFA-Na 2 CO 3 mixture was subjected to conventional heating under vacuum, and after 60 min when conventional heating occurred under normal atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the leaching rate of aluminium of 96.00% was reached at the roasting temperature of 700°C after only 20 min when the HAFA-Na 2 CO 3 mixture underwent microwave heating under vacuum, and after 30 min when microwave heating occurred under normal atmospheric pressure.

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Preparation of Reduced Iron Powders from Mill Scale with Microwave Heating: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Preparation of reduced iron powder using combined distribution of wood-charcoal by microwave heating

Preparation of reduced iron powder using combined distribution of wood-charcoal by microwave heating

Direct Reduction Recycling of Mill Scale Through Iron Powder Synthesis

Effects of vacuum conditions on activation of high-alumina fly ash roasted using conventional and microwave heating

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