Preparation of Pt–Ru bimetallic anodes by galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition: characterization and application to the direct methanol fuel cell

Coutanceau, Christophe; Rakotondrainibé, A.; Lima, A.; Garnier, Emmanuel; Pronier, Stéphane; Léger, J.-M.; Lamy, C.

doi:10.1023/b:jach.0000005578.83646.3a

Cited by 115 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As they reported, a current pulse electrodeposition method resulted in better catalytic activity than did direct current (dc) electrodeposition, owing to the larger effective surface area of catalyst. In previous studies (Coutanceau at al., 2004;Kost at al., 1988;Lai at al., 1999), metal particles have successfully been homogeneously dispersed on support by constant potential electro-plating techniques.…”

Section: Electrodepositonmentioning

confidence: 85%

Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Supported Metal Nanoparticles Prepared by Electroplating Methods

Oh¹,

Kim²

2012

Electroplating

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Section: Electrodepositonmentioning

confidence: 85%

Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Supported Metal Nanoparticles Prepared by Electroplating Methods

Oh¹,

Kim²

2012

Electroplating

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“…For alcohol oxidation, Pt-based bimetallic catalysts were also developed in order to increase the anode activity and selectivity [54][55][56][57]. Because all considered reactions in fuel cells are known to be structure sensitive, a versatile catalyst synthesis method, derived from a colloidal route developed by Bönnemann at al.…”

Section: Ii2 New Preparation Methods Of Efficient Electrode Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do not forget the electrochemical characteristics of the membrane electrode assembly when designing a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stack

Lamy

Jones

Coutanceau

et al. 2011

Electrochimica Acta

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International audienceThe membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the key component of a PEMFC stack. Conventional MEAs are composed of catalyzed electrodes loaded with 0.1-0.4 mgPt cm−2 pressed against a Nafion® membrane, leading to cell performance close to 0.8 W cm−2 at 0.6 V. Due to their limited stability at high temperatures, the cost of platinum catalysts and that of proton exchange membranes, the recycling problems and material availability, the MEA components do not match the requirements for large scale development of PEMCFs at a low cost, particularly for automotive applications. Novel approaches to medium and high temperature membranes are described in this work, and a composite polybenzimidazole-poly(vinylphosphonic) acid membrane, stable up to 190 ◦C, led to a power density of 0.5 W cm−2 at 160 ◦C under 3 bar abs with hydrogen and air. Concerning the preparation of efficient electrocatalysts supported on a Vulcan XC72 carbon powder, the Bönnemann colloidal method and above all plasma sputtering allowed preparing bimetallic platinum-based electrocatalysts with a low Pt loading. In the case of plasma deposition of Pt nanoclusters, Pt loadings as low as 10 g cm−2 were achieved, leading to a very high mass power density of ca. 20 kW g−1 Pt . Finally characterization of the MEA electrical properties by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) based on a theoretical model of mass and charge transport inside the active and gas diffusion layers, together with the optimization of the operating parameters (cell temperature, humidity, flow rate and pressure) allowed obtaining electrical performance greater than 1.2 W cm−2 using an homemade MEA with a rather low Pt loading

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“…electrodeposition [176], sputter deposition [177], pulsed laser deposition [178], dry spray [179], stencil [180], layer-by-layer [181]) but as the thin-film method is the state-…”

Section: Membrane-electrode Assembly Fabrication Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon nanograss as micro fuel cell gas diffusion layer

et al. 2010

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) produce electrical energy directly from chemical energy. They are a promising candidate for power sources of portable devices due to the high energy density of methanol and the quick recharging procedure by fuel insertion. However, the problem areas of the DMFC are the slow electro-oxidation of methanol and the permeated methanol reacting at the cathode. New catalysts are constantly searched but they are often tested only for catalytic activity and the DMFC testing is omitted even though the catalyst layer (CL) structure has a large impact on the performance. Miniaturization of the system is also necessary for portable applications. Silicon etching can be used to fabricate small structures for fuel cells replacing or enhancing the functions of laboratory-scale components.In the first part of this thesis, new catalysts for the DMFC are studied with the emphasis on the CL structure. Different carbon supports for the anode were studied: standard carbon black and alternative few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNT) and graphitized carbon nanofiber (GNF). The alternative supports showed better DMFC performance but their stability was lower than with carbon black. However, the CL formed with GNF showed a very porous structure enhancing the mass transfer, so that higher binder content could be used improving the stability to the level of carbon black and the performance by 30%. The FWCNTs were also investigated as a platform for enzymatic methanol oxidation by studying the electrochemical properties of an immobilized cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). A large amount of PQQ was adsorbed having a strong redox response and good stability in a wide pH window. For the cathode, a methanol-tolerant, Pt-free nitrogen-doped FWCNTs were tested in an alkaline DMFC as such testing is not often made. Its performance was remarkably 4 times better than with Pt when synthetic air was used as the oxidant.In the second part of thesis, an integrated gas diffusion layer (GDL) consisting of Si nanoneedles (nanograss) was tested in a micro fuel cell (MFC). The layer functioned properly at low current densities. For high power applications, a standard carbon cloth GDL was tested with the nanograss as a contact surface reducing the resistance between the GDL and the flow field. The use of the nanograss improved the MFC performance and stability. Finally, the MFCs were used as a catalyst testing platform and the results were compared with a similar test in a laboratory-scale DMFC. The results varied showing that the DMFC components also have a large impact on catalyst testing.Keywords direct methanol fuel cell, carbon nanomaterials, micro fuel cells, catalyst layer Tiivistelmä Suorametanolipolttokennot (SMPK) tuottavat sähköenergiaa suoraan kemiallisesta energiasta. Ne ovat lupaava vaihtoehto kannettavien laitteiden voimanlähteeksi, koska metanolilla on korkea energiatiheys ja lataaminen tapahtuu nopeasti polttoainelisäyksellä. SMPK:lla on kuitenkin rajoitteina metanolin hidas hapetusreaktio ja katodi...

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Preparation of Pt–Ru bimetallic anodes by galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition: characterization and application to the direct methanol fuel cell

Cited by 115 publications

References 31 publications

Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Supported Metal Nanoparticles Prepared by Electroplating Methods

Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Supported Metal Nanoparticles Prepared by Electroplating Methods

Do not forget the electrochemical characteristics of the membrane electrode assembly when designing a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stack

Silicon nanograss as micro fuel cell gas diffusion layer

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