Preparation of porous titanium by direct in-situ reduction of titanium sesquioxide

Yang, Guobo; Xu, Baoqiang; Lei, Xianjun; Wan, Heli; Yang, Bin; Liu, Dachun; Wang, Zhijun

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.021

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Another method was introduced for the preparation of titanium metal by reduction of TiCl 4 in NaCl-KCl-NaF eutectic melts [88]. A new method for manufacturing porous titanium by in situ calcium vapor reduction of titanium sesquioxide was presented by Yang et al [89]. By calcium vapor, Ti 2 O 3 and CaCl 2 powders have been reduced.…”

Section: Quebec Iron and Titane (Qit) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

2021

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For several decades, the metallurgical industry and the research community worldwide have been challenged to develop energy-efficient and low-cost titanium production processes. The expensive and energy-consuming Kroll process produces titanium metal commercially, which is highly matured and optimized. Titanium’s strong affinity for oxygen implies that conventional Ti metal production processes are energy-intensive. Over the past several decades, research and development have been focusing on new processes to replace the Kroll process. Two fundamental groups are categorized for these methods: thermochemical and electrochemical. This literature review gives an insight into the titanium industry, including the titanium resources and processes of production. It focuses on ilmenite as a major source of titanium and some effective methods for producing titanium through extractive metallurgy processes and presents a critical view of the opportunities and challenges.

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Section: Quebec Iron and Titane (Qit) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By calcium vapor, Ti 2 O 3 and CaCl 2 powders have been reduced. The product was leached with hydrochloric acid and deionized water and the porous structure of Ti was obtained [89]. Furthermore, LiCl-KCl molten salt was used as an electrolyte due to its relatively low melting point to produce metallic titanium.…”

Section: Quebec Iron and Titane (Qit) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

2021

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“…Both MgO and Mg were not detected, indicating that an appropriate removal was made by these procedures and the product V(0) was successfully isolated. Although a possible formation of V 2 H cannot be excluded, V 2 H will be removed during the drying in vacuo. The yield of V(0) after this isolation and purification was 55.6%.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile Formation of Vanadium(0) by the Reduction of Vanadium Pentoxide Pelletized with Magnesium Oxide Enabled by Microwave Irradiation

et al. 2020

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The reduction of V2O5 to vanadium metal(0), that requires severe conditions in conventional reduction methods, was enabled to be proceeded in a short time of 1 h at 1273 K by the reaction with magnesium vapor with the isolation yield of V(0) in 55.6% by using microwave irradiation of 820 W. A pressurized pelletization of powdery V2O5 well‐mixed with MgO powder at a specific mixing ratio followed by calcination in ambient air at 1173 K was crucial for the reaction since a complex oxide of MgV2O4, presumably as a precursor, was formed in calcination of the V2O5/MgO pellet to be reduced to V(0) by the reaction with magnesium. Calcination of V2O5/MgO pellets with different mixing ratios or different temperatures resulted in the formation of different kinds of complex oxide of vanadium and magnesium such as α‐Mg2V2O7, Mg3(VO4)2, triclinic Mg2V2O7, and MgV2O6. While the yield of V(0) was dependent on the kind of the complex oxide, formation of MgV2O4 was essential as the precursor to the formation of V(0).

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“…[8] However, the gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction received widespread attention with the development of hydrogen metallurgy. [8][9][10] Interestingly, pellets are still the main iron-bearing material during either the BF or gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction process. [11][12][13] Therefore, the preparation of VTM pellet is evidently crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of TiO₂ during Oxidation Roasting Process of Pellet: Kinetic Mechanism and Microstructure

Feng,

Tang,

Wang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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This study investigates the effect of TiO2 on the oxidation kinetic mechanism of iron ore concentrate under nonisothermal conditions. Based on the fact that iron‐containing materials are mainly smelted in the form of pellets, the microstructure evolution of pellets with different TiO2 additions during oxidation is studied to verify the accuracy of the kinetic analysis results. The results show that the reaction model is the mechanism describing oxidation of iron ore concentrate under different TiO2 additions at stages I and II. The increase of TiO2 increases E and worsens the oxidation kinetic conditions at stages I and II. This phenomenon is caused by the Fe–Ti solid solution embedded in the hematite particles hindering the recrystallization and large‐scale crystal bridge connection of hematite. The fluctuation amplitude of apparent activation energy (E) at stages I and II is 23.6112 and 19.508 kJ mol−1, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism of stage III corresponds to the diffusion model, and the increase of TiO2 decreases E and improves the oxidation kinetic conditions. It is due to the loose structure of pellets with the increase of TiO2, facilitating the internal diffusion of reaction gases. The fluctuation amplitude of E is 5.07 kJ mol−1 at stage III.

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Preparation of porous titanium by direct in-situ reduction of titanium sesquioxide

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

A Facile Formation of Vanadium(0) by the Reduction of Vanadium Pentoxide Pelletized with Magnesium Oxide Enabled by Microwave Irradiation

Effect of TiO₂ during Oxidation Roasting Process of Pellet: Kinetic Mechanism and Microstructure

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Preparation of porous titanium by direct in-situ reduction of titanium sesquioxide

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods

A Facile Formation of Vanadium(0) by the Reduction of Vanadium Pentoxide Pelletized with Magnesium Oxide Enabled by Microwave Irradiation

Effect of TiO2 during Oxidation Roasting Process of Pellet: Kinetic Mechanism and Microstructure

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Effect of TiO₂ during Oxidation Roasting Process of Pellet: Kinetic Mechanism and Microstructure