Preparation of Porous Activated Carbons for High Performance Supercapacitors from Taixi Anthracite by Multi-Stage Activation

Yue, Xiaoming; An, Zhao-Yang; Ye, Mei; Liu, Zijing; Xiao, Cui-Cui; Huang, Yong; Han, Yujia; Zhang, Shuangquan; Zhu, Junsheng

doi:10.3390/molecules24193588

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…It was confirmed that the largest contribution to SSA is from the micropores. As the number of micropores in the sample is increased, the larger the SSA becomes, and the more mesopores of the samples are included, the larger the D ave , at the expense of a smaller SSA …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the results of pore structure analysis, it can be concluded that both impregnation ratio and multistage activation temperatures are significant for the SSA and V total development of the ABACs. Therefore, the combination of multistage activation temperature and a suitable impregnation ratio is important in the optimization of pore textural properties of the ABACs …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multistage Activation of Anthracite Coal-Based Activated Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Song

Romero

Lowe³

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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An anthracitic coal-derived activated porous carbon is proposed as a promising carbon electrode material for supercapacitor (SC) applications. The specific capacitance of this activated carbon SC electrode is related to the characteristics, such as specific surface area, pore size distribution, wettability, and conductivity. In the present work, a series of anthracite-based activated carbons (ABAC) were prepared via a multistage activation process and used as electrode materials for SCs. The multistage activation experiment was developed by exploring different activation temperatures, precursor/activating agent mass ratios, and process treating environments. The electrochemical performance of ABACs was evaluated in a three-electrode testing system. Multiple electrolytes were utilized, such as 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 1 and 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions. An optimum ABAC electrode was obtained, characterized by its largest wettability and superior conductivity, and achieved excellent electrochemical performance. The three-electrode system exhibited a specific capacitance of 288.52 and 260.30 F/g at 0.5 A/g in the 1 M H2SO4 and 6 M KOH electrolytes, respectively. It was found that moderate multistage activation temperatures are beneficial for the electrolyte uptake which enhances the specific capacitance. The high content of the oxygen functional groups on the activated carbon surface greatly improved its specific capacitance due to the increase in wettability. In the 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, the working electrode exhibited better performance than in 1 M KOH because the ion diameter in the acidic electrolyte was more suitable for pore diffusion. The concentrated KOH electrolyte leads to an increase in specific capacitance due to increased ions being adsorbed by a certain number of the hydrophilic pores. Moreover, the specific capacitance of the optimum ABAC sample remained at 95.4% of the initial value after 1000 galvanostatic charge–discharge tests at 0.5 A/g, which is superior to the performance of SC grade commercial carbon.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistage Activation of Anthracite Coal-Based Activated Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Song

Romero

Lowe³

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…Among the simplest and most efficient methods of human body detoxification is enterosorption [ 4 , 5 ], a procedure for the immobilization and elimination of endogenous and exogenous metabolites from the human body [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Today, this method is largely employed by the majority of health clinics, the removal of poisonous species relying usually on activated carbons, lignocellulosic charcoals, animal bone charcoals, inorganic porous minerals, bone polymeric and silicon-based resins [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Capacity of Vitamin B12 and Creatinine on Highly-Mesoporous Activated Carbons Obtained from Lignocellulosic Raw Materials

et al. 2020

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Enterosorbents are widely-used materials for human body detoxification, which function by immobilizing and eliminating endogenous and exogenous toxins. Here, activated carbons, obtained from the lignocellulosic raw vegetal materials of indigenous provenance, have been studied. Walnut shell and wood from local species of nuts and apple-trees were carbonized, and further activated at high temperatures with water vapors in a rotary kiln. A second activation was carried out, in a fluidized bed reactor, but for shorter times. The textural properties of the samples were determined from the adsorption isotherms of nitrogen at 77 K, allowing the obtaining of highly mesoporous materials, while the adsorption capacity permitted an essential rise of six to seven times in the maximal adsorption values of the metabolites, which was determined by the reactivation process. A kinetic study of vitamin B12 and creatinine immobilization was performed, the optimal immobilization time for the apple-tree wood reactivated carbons being 2 times longer than for those originating from walnut shells. An additional investigation was also performed in specific conditions that simulate the real environment of immobilization: the temperature of a febrile human body (at the temperature T = 38 °C) and the characteristic acidity of the urinary tract and stomach (at the pH of 5.68 and 2.53, respectively). The activated carbonic adsorbents studied here, together with the results of the immobilization studies, show that these procedures can conduct a good incorporation of some endogenous metabolic products, such as vitamin B12 and creatinine, therefore presenting a good opportunity for their use as forthcoming commercial enterosorbents.

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“…On the other hand, previous studies have shown that multi-stage activation during production improved the property of ACs and their performance. The enhanced specific surface area and pore volume, compared to single-stage activation, was reported for the two-stage activation of anthracite by heat and KOH [ 30 ], of Acer truncatum seed shells by KOH and heat [ 31 ], of brewer’s spent grains by H 3 PO 4 and KOH [ 32 ], of the cotton stalk by KOH and heat [ 33 ], and of soybean stalk by KOH and heat [ 34 ]. These also suggest the potential of the additional thermal treatment of already prepared ACs to improve adsorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Adsorption of Tetracycline by Thermal Modification of Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon

Kim

Boldbaatar

2022

IJERPH

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Tetracycline (TC) is one of the most frequently detected antibiotics in various water matrices, posing adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, coconut shell-based powdered activated carbon (PAC) was thermally modified under various temperatures to enhance TC adsorption. The PAC subjected to 800 °C (PAC800) showed the best TC adsorption. PAC and PAC800 were characterized using N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, Boehm titration, and zeta potential analyses. Increases in the specific surface area, C/O ratio, C=O, surface charge, basic groups, and the number of stacked graphene layers along with a decrease in structural defects were observed for PAC800 compared to PAC. The TC adsorption was significantly improved for PAC800 compared to that of PAC, which is attributable to the enhanced electrostatic attraction and π-π EDA interactions induced by the changes in the properties. The Freundlich isotherm was the best fit indicating the heterogeneous nature, and the Freundlich constant of PAC and PAC800 increased from 85.8 to 119.5 and 132.1 to 178.6 (mg/g)‧(L/mg)1/n, respectively, when the temperature was increased from 296.15 to 318.15 K. The kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model and the rate constant of PAC and PAC800 increased from 0.80 to 1.59 and from 0.72 to 1.29 × 10−3 g/mg‧min, respectively, as the temperature was increased. The activation energy of PAC and PAC800 was 23.7 and 19.6 J/mol, respectively, while the adsorption enthalpy was 196.7 and 98.5 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating endothermic nature. However, it was suggested that TC adsorption onto PAC800 was more favorable and was more contributed to by physisorption than that onto PAC. These results strongly suggest that the properties, adsorption capacity, and adsorption mechanisms of carbonaceous adsorbents can be significantly changed by simple thermal treatment. More, the results provide valuable information about the design of carbonaceous adsorbents with better performance where the structures and functional groups, which positively affect the adsorption, must be improved.

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Preparation of Porous Activated Carbons for High Performance Supercapacitors from Taixi Anthracite by Multi-Stage Activation

Cited by 31 publications

References 53 publications

Multistage Activation of Anthracite Coal-Based Activated Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Multistage Activation of Anthracite Coal-Based Activated Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Adsorption Capacity of Vitamin B12 and Creatinine on Highly-Mesoporous Activated Carbons Obtained from Lignocellulosic Raw Materials

Enhanced Adsorption of Tetracycline by Thermal Modification of Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon

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