Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel containing chlorogenic acid microspheres and its evaluation for use in skin wound healing

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound widely found in plants. Several studies have shown that CGA possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Because of their three-dimensional structure, good permeability, excellent biocompatibility and moisturizing properties, hydrogels are ideal candidates for wound dressing. The aim of the present study was to preparation and characterization of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing CGA microspheres and evaluation its wound healing activity. The double-emulsion solvent evaporation technique was applied for preparing the CGA containing microspheres. The microspheres were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and subsequently incorporated in the structure of a PVA hydrogel. The effects of prepared hydrogel on NIH3T3 cell line viability were evaluated using MTT method and wound healing activity was investigated in full thickness wound model in rabbit. SEM images showed formation of homogenous CGA microspheres with diameters in the range of 1–2 μm, embedded in the porous structure of the hydrogel. Infra-red results indicated successful incorporation of CGA microspheres into PVA hydrogel. The NIH3T3 cell viability percentage in CGA 2.5% hydrogel treated group significantly ( p < .05) increased after 24 h and 48 h comparing to control group. In vivo studies showed that CGA hydrogel significantly ( p < .001) stimulated the rate of wounds closures. Histological studies revealed that administration of CGA hydrogel significantly increased epithelialization and production of collagen fibers compared to the control group. It can be concluded that the CGA microsphere loaded PVA hydrogel has the potential for wound healing.

Unleashing the power of chlorogenic acid: exploring its potential in nutrition delivery and the food industry

“…Therefore, CGA microsphere-loaded PVA hydrogels exhibit promising potential for wound healing. 95 Injectable hydrogels with 3D crosslinking capabilities can encapsulate active substances in liquid form in vitro and transition into a gel post-injection, providing local retention at the tumor site for controlled release. 96 In their study, Zhang et al utilized a hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified transfer agent (H-T), a Schiff base crosslinked hydrogel (CD), and CAT to construct a nanocomplex hydrogel (CD@CAT/H-T (CGA)).…”

Osteogenic mechanism of chlorogenic acid and its application in clinical practice

“…Sodium alginate was used as the drug carrier, and the BFP peptide was grafted onto the sodium alginate surface by further modification. The results showed that the SPEEK-CGA-grafted peptide hydrogel system was more active than CGA in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and ALP activity, thus providing an alternative approach for bone repair (Chahardoli et al, 2023;He et al, 2019). (Figure 7)…”

Antimicrobial Hydrogels: Potential Materials for Medical Application

“…They showed good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties against grampositive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria common in damaged skin. [187,188] Jiao et al prepared a polyacrylamide semiinterpenetrating network hydrogel, which has excellent water content (>85%), anti-swelling light transmittance (>90%), adjustable mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and antioxidative stress ability by adding tannic acid. Figure 15b shows the changes of corneal state in rats infected with S. aureus after treatment with hydrogel, and it can be seen that this hydrogel is a potential candidate for antioxidative contact lenses and the treatment of eye infections and inflammatory diseases.…”

“…They showed good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties against gram‐positive bacteria and gram‐negative bacteria common in damaged skin. [ 187,188 ] Jiao et al. prepared a polyacrylamide semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogel, which has excellent water content (>85%), anti‐swelling light transmittance (>90%), adjustable mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and anti‐oxidative stress ability by adding tannic acid.…”