Preparation of polystyrene particles with poly[(acylimino)ethylene] chains on the surface

Abstract

Polymer particles with poly[(acylimino)ethylene] chains on the surface were prepared by soapfree emulsion copolymerization of styrene with a styryl-type poly[(acylimino)ethylene] macromonomer. The macromonomer used was highly hydrophilic and soluble in water. The contour of the particles was d n e d by scanning electron microscopy. The copolymer particles were spherical and monodisperse. The average diameter of the particles was in the sub-micron range and smaller than that of pure polystyrene particles prepared in a similar way. The surface composition of the particles was analyzed by ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical application). It was found that poly[(acylimino)ethylene] chains are enriched on the particle surface.

Polymerization of cyclic imino ethers: From its discovery to the present state of the art

“…The soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with the hydrophilic PROZO macromonomer 31 (R = Me or Et) produces monodisperse polymer particles in the submicrometer range 68. The diameter of the particles obtained with the macromonomer is smaller than that obtained without 31 .…”

Ring-opening-closing alternating copolymerization of cyclic phosphonites with dialdehydes

“…It has been found that the copolymerization of a cyclic phosphonite 1 with a dialdehyde 2 undergoes the ringopening-closing alternating copolymerization (ROCAC) without added initiator to give an alternating copolymer 3. ROCAC belongs to a new concept in the polymerization chemistry.…”

Ring-opening-closing alternating copolymerization of cyclic phosphonites with methacrylic and acrylic anhydrides

“…In previous papers of this series we have developed a novel, general approach to the synthesis of new alternating copolymers, having the structure of a ring-opened unit from a cyclic monomer (A) and a ring-closed unit from a noncyclic, bifunctional monomer (B) (ring-opening-closing alternating copolymerization, ROCAC). [1][2][3][4][5][6] In this content, the extension of the scope of B-type monomers other than muconic acid1•5 and dialdehydes2•6 implies great synthetic relevance. The present paper reports a detailed study on the ROCAC between cyclic phosphonites (1) as A-type (ring-opening) monomers and methacrylic and acrylic anhydrides (2) as novel B-type (ring-closing) monomers.…”

“…The resulting copolymers (3) have phosphinate-cyclic anhydride structures as ring-opened and ring-closed units, respectively. 2a, R = CH3 1b, m= 3 2b, R = H 3a, m = 2, R = CH3 1 c, m = 4 3b, m = 3, R = CH3 3c, m = 4, R = CH3 3d, m = 2, R = H 3e, m = 3, R = H 3f, m = 4, R = H…”