Preparation of Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt for Conducting-Polymer-Activated Counter Electrode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using Rapid-Mixing Polymerization at Various Temperature

Abstract

Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt (PANI ES) as a conductive polymer has been used as a Pt-free counter electrode materials in DSSC. In this study, polymerization temperature was varied at relatively high temperature from 308 to 348 K with respect to the standard low polymerization temperature at 273 K. The synthesis held in varied high-temperature to study the effect of synthesis condition resulted to the performance as counter electrode in DSSC. The effect of high-temperature synthesis condition gives interesting results, the FTIR-ATR spectra show the presence of vibrational modes of phenazine structure obtained at high polymerization temperature, indicate the changing in the chain geometry. Raman Spectroscopy shows the decrease of the I1194/I1623 intensity ratio that can be interpreted that the degree-of-freedom of C-H bond bending mode decreases in the benzenoid ring, while the stretching mode degree-of-freedom along the chain is preserved or increased. The electrical conductivity profile has changed from metal-like at low-temperature into a semiconductor-like profile at high-temperature. Scanning Electron Microscope images reveals that a change in the morphology of PANI ES with temperature. At low-temperature (273 K) the morphology has a globular shape, while at high-temperature it tends to form nanorod structure. DSSC device with highest efficiency is attained for PANI ES polymerized at 273 K (1.91%) due to its high conductivity. The lowest efficiency is observed in device using PANI ES synthesized at 328 K (1.15%) due to its low conductivity due to the formation of phenazine structure. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Impact of dopant ratio on the energy harvesting activity of polyaniline modified counter electrodes for Pt‐free dye‐sensitized solar cells

“…PANI CE doped with Mn 2+ showed maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.41% among others. Auliya et al [ 59 ] fabricated HCl‐doped PANI films at various temperatures (from 273 K to 348 K) that were used as CEs in DSSC. The HCl‐doped PANI film (fabricated at low temperature) as CE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity with a power conversion efficiency of 1.91%.…”

“…PANI CE doped with Mn 2+ showed maximum power conversion Research Article doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202100155 F I G U R E 8 (a) Photocurrent density-photovoltage (J-V) characteristics of DSSCs fabricated using different CEs and (b) start-stop switches of DSSC assembled with P-1.9, P-2.1, P-2.3, P-2.5 and Pt CE efficiency of 4.41% among others. Auliya et al [59] fabricated HCl-doped PANI films at various temperatures (from 273 K to 348 K) that were used as CEs in DSSC. The HCl-doped PANI film (fabricated at low temperature) as CE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity with a power conversion efficiency of 1.91%.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt (PANI-ES) Colloids Using Potato Starch as a Stabilizer to Enhance the Physicochemical Properties and Processability

“…The average diameter of the particles was controlled by varying the amount of aniline and starch. Moreover, the conditions were adjusted to promote the formation of conductive emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) [ 46 ]. Indeed, the latter displayed intrinsically higher processability, improved stability and biocompatibility, and better control over the electrical conductivity of the polymer [ 47 ].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt (PANI-ES) Colloids Using Potato Starch as a Stabilizer, to Enhance the Physicochemical Properties and Processibility

“…The average diameter of the particles was controlled by varying the amount of aniline and starch. Moreover, the conditions were adjusted to promote the formation of conductive emeraldine salt (PANI ES) [46]. The latter, indeed, displays intrinsically higher processability, improved stability and biocompatibility, better control over the electrical conductivity of the polymer [47].…”