Preparation of Pinolenic Acid Concentrates from Pine Nut Oil Fatty Acids by Solvent Fractionation

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Pinolenic acid PLA; c5,c9,c12-18:3 is a polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA with a polymethylene-interrupted double bond at the Δ5 carbon. PLA is exclusively found in the oils of the edible nuts of pines, such as Siberian pine nut Pinus sibirica; PLA content, 19 wt and Korean pine nut P. koraiensis; PLA content, 14 wt 1. PLA intake is effective for reducing body weight because PLA provides an appetite-suppression effect derived from the increased secretion of gut satiety hormones, such as cholecystokinin-8 and glucagon-like peptide-1 in humans 1 3. Recently, interest in methods for preparing PLA concentrates has increased owing to the health benefits of PLA. PLA concentrates can be prepared using physical methods 4, 5 , enzymatic reactions 6, 7 , or both 8. Urea crystallization is the most common physical method for preparaing PLA concentrates 4, 5, 8. Using urea crystallization, PLA concentrates can be prepared from free fatty acid FFA mixtures obtained from pine nut oil because fatty acids FA that are more saturated than PLA form crystals with

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“…The solvent fractionation method is simple in operation, but the ultra-low temperature is usually needed. The pinolenic acid concentrate was produced in n-hexane at −85°C (Chung, Kim, & Kim, 2018).…”