Preparation of PDMS microfluidic devices based on drop-on-demand generation of wax molds

Li, Zongan; Hou, Lixia; Zhang, Weiyi; Zhu, Li

doi:10.1039/c4ay00798k

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…It is possible to infer that the new methodology of microfluidic chips fabrication shown in this article will help a positive evolution in the microfluidic field, serving as support for many laboratories lacking of micromanufacturing facilities, such as those related to biology and chemistry fields, especially in microfluidic laboratories from developing countries. Liquid molding 40 10 3D printing 45 59 Liquid molding 60 9 Building blocks 100 5 Laser ablation 120 11 Semi-contact writing 140 13 Laser swelling 190 12 3D printing 200 34,60 WAX mold 200 8…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing of the lab-on-a-chip applications in various research fields brings the opportunity to develop new low-cost and high feasibility methodologies for PDMS microdevices fabrication. The literature reports many alternative fabrication techniques that do not require lithography such as thermoplastic building blocks, 5 toner transfer masking, 6 wax molds, 7,8 liquid molding, 9,10 laser ablation and reusable PDMS molds, 11 laser swelling, 12 semicontact-writing, 13 stainless steel stamps, 14 capillary forming, 15 printing plate photopolymers, 16 and transfer printing. 17 However, most of these techniques do not achieve the resolution of the photoresins or the processes are expensive.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Accessible and Cost‐Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold

Bourguignon

Olmos

Sierra-Rodero

et al. 2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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This work describes a novel and cost‐effective method of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchips fabrication by using a printing plate photopolymer called Flexcel as a master mold (Fmold). This method has demonstrated the ability to generate multiple devices from a single master, reaching a minimum channel size of 25 μm, structures height ranging from 53 to 1500 μm and achieving dimensions of 1270 × 2062 mm2, which are larger than those obtained by the known techniques to date. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and profilometry techniques have been employed to characterize the Fmold and PDMS replicas. The results showed high replication fidelity of Fmold to the PDMS replica. Furthermore, it was proved the reusability of the Fmold. In our study, up to 50 PDMS replicas have been fabricated without apparent degradation of the mold. The feasibility of the resulting PDMS replica was effectively demonstrated using a microfluidic device for enhanced oil recovery analysis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1433–1442

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessible and Cost‐Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold

Bourguignon

Olmos

Sierra-Rodero

et al. 2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…For example, wax has been used in microfluidic applications to make overlapping junctions and high aspect ratio channels -structures that would be difficult to make using traditional replica molding ( Figure 5F, G). [135,136] It has also been used to define patterns in conjunction with photocurable polymers to make masters for thermoplastic domed or concave structures for cellular assays. In this process, wax masks define the area for the photocurable polymer droplets and the entire structure is subsequently covered in thermoset polymer and cured.…”

Section: Sacrificial Mastersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Soft Lithographic Tools for the Fabrication of Functional Polymeric Microstructures

2019

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Polymeric microstructures (PMs) are useful to a broad range of technologies applicable to, for example, sensing, energy storage, and soft robotics. Due to the diverse application space of PMs, many techniques (e. g., photolithography, 3D printing, micromilling, etc.) have been developed to fabricate these structures. Stemming from their generality and unique capabilities, the tools encompassed by soft lithography (e. g., replica molding, microcontact printing, etc.), which use soft elastomeric materials as masters in the fabrication of PMs, are particularly relevant. By taking advantage of the characteristics of elastomeric masters, particularly their mechanical and chemical properties, soft lithography has enabled the use of non‐planar substrates and relatively inexpensive equipment in the generation of many types of PMs, redefining existing communities and creating new ones. Traditionally, these elastomeric masters have been produced from relief patterns fabricated using photolithography; however, recent efforts have led to the emergence of new methods that make use of masters that are self‐forming, dynamic in their geometric and chemical properties, 3D in architecture, and/or sacrificial (i. e., easily removed/released using phase changes). These “next generation” soft lithographic masters include self‐assembled liquid droplets, microscale balloons, templates derived from natural materials, and hierarchically microstructured surfaces. The new methods of fabrication supported by these unique masters enable access to numerous varieties of PMs (e. g., those with hierarchical microstructures, overhanging features, and 3D architectures) that would not be possible following established methods of soft lithography. This review explores these emergent soft lithographic methods, addressing their operational principles and the application space they can impact.

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“…21 The other reported encapsulating methods include droplet assembling technique and cell printing technology, which are not based on micro-uidic chips. 32 Herein, based on microuidic pulse inertia force, we developed a novel cell encapsulating approach without micro-uidic chips. The cell suspension and the oil are in different vials, which the capillary sampling probe dips into successively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for encapsulating cells into monodisperse picolitre droplets actuated by microfluidic pulse inertia force

Wang

Zhang

2014

Anal. Methods

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Encapsulation of few cells into monodisperse picolitre droplets is an extremely critical step in the process of the droplet based single cell analysis. This paper presents a novel approach, not based on micro-fluidic chips fabricated by standard soft lithography technique, for encapsulating cells into droplets actuated by microfluidic pulse inertia force. The principle of the encapsulating process is to actuate a hollow PZT stack by a signal generator and a voltage amplification to provide an enough pulse inertia force for a tapered glass capillary and the cell suspension inside to eject droplets in mineral oil and a certain number of the cells will be randomly encapsulated in monodisperse picolitre droplets. The tapered glass capillary was fabricated by a glass heating process without complicated microfabrication technology.Therefore, it has the advantages of good chemical resistance, low friction, easy to manufacture and low cost. The minimum size of the spherical cell droplets that can be reached is 20 mm in diameter and about 4 picolitres in volume. The percentage of the droplets with single HL60 cell can reach 42% when the droplet size is 40 mm and the concentration of the cell suspension is 1 Â 10 8 cells per milliliter since the alternate changed pulse inertia force can make the cells well dispersed in the tapered capillary. The percentage of viable cells that can be reached is 82% as determined by trypan blue staining, when the cell droplet size is 120 mm. The experiment results present a novel strategy for droplet-based single cell analysis.

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Preparation of PDMS microfluidic devices based on drop-on-demand generation of wax molds

Abstract: This paper describes a method for the preparation of PDMS microfluidic devices based on drop-on-demand generation of wax molds.

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Accessible and Cost‐Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold

Accessible and Cost‐Effective Method of PDMS Microdevices Fabrication Using a Reusable Photopolymer Mold

Emergent Soft Lithographic Tools for the Fabrication of Functional Polymeric Microstructures

A novel approach for encapsulating cells into monodisperse picolitre droplets actuated by microfluidic pulse inertia force

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