With the ever-increasing usage of recycled fibers, dry-strength agents play an increasingly important role in the papermaking industry. In this study, a new kind of dry-strength agent (CMS-g-PAM) was developed via grafting polyacrylamide onto carboxymethyl starch (CMS). Effects of the operation conditions, including the CMS-g-PAM dosage, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) dosage, and pH value of pulp system, on the properties of the paper were investigated. The contrasting effects when comparing the CMS-g-PAM and CMS were also researched. The results indicated that CMS-g-PAM had a beneficial effect on the paper properties. Compared to the control sample, when 1% CMS-g-PAM was added, the tensile index, burst index, and folding endurance of handsheets displayed noticeable increases of 38.2%, 34.7%, and 97.7%, respectively, and these properties were increased by 27.4%, 17.2%, and 46.6% when compared with the CMS-treated sample of this addition level. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the bonding between fibers of the paper became tighter after using the CMS-g-PAM. The results demonstrated that CMS-g-PAM can be used as an effective dry-strength agent.