Preparation of palladated porous nitrogen-doped carbon using halloysite as porogen: disclosing its utility as a hydrogenation catalyst

Elhampour³

2021

The Chemical Record

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Design and preparation of low‐cost, effective, and novel catalysts are important topics in the field of heterogeneous catalysis from academic and industrial perspectives. Recently, heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal materials have received significant attention as promising catalysts in divergent organic reactions. Incorporation of heteroatom into the carbon framework can tailor the properties of carbon, providing suitable interaction between support and metal, resulting in superior catalytic performance compared with those of traditional pure carbon/metal catalytic systems. In this review, we try to underscore the recent advances in the design, preparation, and application of heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal catalysts towards various organic transformations.

Section: Heteroatom‐doped Porous Carbon/metal Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Heteroatom‐Doped Porous Carbon/Metal Materials: Fascinating Heterogeneous Catalysts for Organic Transformations

Rangraz

Elhampour³

2021

The Chemical Record

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“…Based on previous literature 33 with little modi cation, to immobilize Palladium NPs on the h-Fe 2 O 3 @glu-MFR, a solution of Pd(OAc) 2 (2 wt.%) in MeOH (10 mL) was added to the solution of suspended h-Fe 2 O 3 @glu-MFR (1 g) in toluene (50 mL) in a drop wise manner under stirring condition overnight. In the following, a solution of NaBH 4 in MeOH (12 mL, 0.1 N) was added under inert atmosphere to the abovementioned suspension.…”

Section: Immobilization Of Palladium Nps On H-fe 2 O 3 @Glu-mfr (E)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting Pd@h-Fe 2 O 3 @C was prepared by previous method 33 . To this propose, Pd@h-Fe 2 O 3 @glu-MFR (5 g) was placed in a quartz container and heated up to 450 °C for 1 h under argon ow and heating rate of 30 °C min -1 .…”

Section: Synthesis Of Pd@h-fe 2 O 3 @C (F)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the continuation of our interest in revealing the usefulness of nitrogen doped mesoporous carbons [31][32][33][34] , in this investigation, we purpose to apply γ-Fe 2 O 3 hollow sphere as a magnetic support for the synthesis of low density and tuning the textural aspects of N-doped carbons. In this work, melaminebased mesoporous polymer network as a carbon precursor was created in the presence of aminefunctionalized γ-Fe 2 O 3 hollow sphere covered with glucose-derived carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Composite of γ-Fe2O3 Hollow Sphere and Palladium Doped Nitrogen-rich Mesoporous Carbon as a Recoverable Catalyst for C-C Coupling Reactions

Malmir

Amiri

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this article, Palladated-magnetic nitrogen doped porous carbon was prepared from nano magnetic γ-Fe2O3 hollow sphere (h-Fe2O3) with high specific surface area and pore volume. To the purpose, initially h-Fe2O3 was prepared and covered with glucose via hydrothermal treatment with subsequent polymerization of organic shell. The polymerization of melamine-resorcinol-formaldehyde (MRF) was achieved in the presence of Cl-functionalized glucose coated h-Fe2O3 (h-Fe2O3@glu-MRF). Next, the prepared magnetic core-shell hollow sphere was palladated followed by carbonization to yield Pd@h-Fe2O3@C introducing more pores in its structure. The resulted compound, Pd@h-Fe2O3@C, was fully characterized, showing that carbonization process expressively increased the specific surface area. The resulted Pd@h-Fe2O3@C was successfully used for promoting C-C coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions as a heterogeneous catalyst and its activity was compared with some prepared control catalysts. This novel catalyst was magnetically separated simply by a magnet bar and recycled and reused at least in five consecutive runs, without considerable loss of its activity. It is note mentioning that, high recyclability with low Pd leaching are another gains of this protocol.

“…In the continuation of our research on disclosing the catalytic utility of Hal 23,24 , recently we have reported facile recovery and high reusability of magnetic Hal 25,26 . On the other hand, our research on the catalytic activity of IL-Hal hybrid 27,28 showed that the presence of ILs on the Hal can efficiently improve anchoring of nanoparticles and suppressing their leaching.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Bio-assisted synthesized Pd nanoparticles supported on ionic liquid decorated magnetic halloysite: an efficient catalyst for degradation of dyes

Sadjadi

Mohammadi

2020

Sci Rep

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Using natural materials, i.e. halloysite nanoclay that is a biocompatible naturally occurring clay and Heracleum persicum extract that can serve as a green reducing agent, a novel magnetic catalyst, fe 3 o 4 / Hal-Mel-TEA(IL)-Pd, has been designed and fabricated. To prepare the catalyst, halloysite was first magnetized (magnetic particles with mean diameter of 13.06 ± 3.1 nm) and then surface functionalized with melamine, 1,4 dibromobutane and triethanolamine to provide ionic liquid on the halloysite surface (5 wt%). The latter was then used as a support to immobilize Pd nanoparticles that were reduced by Heracleum persicum extract. The characterization of the catalyst established that the loading of Pd in fe 3 o 4 /Hal-Mel-TEA(IL)-Pd was very low (0.93 wt%) and its specific surface area was 63 m 2 g −1 . Moreover, the catalyst showed magnetic property (Ms = 19.75 emu g −1 ) and could be magnetically separated from the reaction. The catalytic performance of the magnetic catalyst for reductive degradation of methyl orange and rhodamine B in the presence of NaBH 4 in aqueous media was investigated. The activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy for the reduction of methyl orange were estimated as 42.02 kJ mol −1 , 39.40 kJ mol −1 , and −139.06 J mol −1 K −1 , respectively. These values for rhodamine B were calculated as 39.97 kJ mol −1 , 34.33 kJ mol −1 , and −155.18 Jmol −1 K −1 , respectively. notably, fe 3 o 4 /Hal-Mel-TEA(IL)-Pd could be reused for eight reaction runs with negligible loss of the catalytic activity (~3%) and Pd leaching (0.01 wt% of the initial loading).Application of low-cost, biocompatible and available natural compounds for the catalytic purposes has attracted tremendous attention. In this regard, use of halloysite (Hal) that is a dioctahedral 1:1 clay of the kaolin group has received growing interest 1-3 . Apart from high thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, the cylindrical morphology and opposite chemical and electrical properties of inner and outer surfaces of Hal, make it distinguished from other clays and broaden its utility for many applications such as cleaning 4 , adsorbents 5,6 , energy storage, catalysis, flame retardancy 1 , sustainable release of drugs etc. Regarding catalysis, Hal not only can be utilized as a catalyst, but also can be applied as a support for the development of reusable catalysts. To date, various chemical, photochemical and electrochemical transformations such as coupling reactions 7,8 , hydrogenation 9,10 , oxidation have been promoted by using Hal-based catalysts [11][12][13][14][15] . Organic dyes such as methylene blue, rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) are toxic chemicals with potential health threat 16 . The release of these compounds in the industrial waste water has raised many concerns and motivated many studies for the efficient removal of these hazardous pollutants or their conversion into less toxic compounds 17,18 . In this context, several approaches, such as use of adsorbents, photodegradation, electrochemical degradations, membrane p...