Preparation of oxygen-enriched hierarchically porous carbon by KMnO4 one-pot oxidation and activation: Mechanism and capacitive energy storage

Qiu, Daping; Guo, Nannan; Gao, Ang; Zheng, Lun; Xu, Wenjun; Li, Min; Wang, Feng; Yang, Renqiang

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.049

Cited by 81 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…38 The intensity ratio (I D /I G ) was generally applied to determine the defect degree of carbonaceous materials. From Table 1, comparable I D /I G values were observed in PC-Cu (0.95) and PC-Cu-C (1.01) to those of the reported works (0.98, 39 0.93, 40 and 0.93 41 ), suggesting the presence of highly structural defects. The high contents of heteroatoms (mainly nitrogen) and well-developed porous structure may be related to the formation of these defects, which are favorable for shortening ions diffusion distance and improving wettability of PCs.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Pcssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…33 Such temperature is twice to that using CuCl 2 2H 2 O. Additionally, the temperature required in the conventional contact heating (800°C) is also higher than the proposed synthesis using CuCl 2 2H 2 O. Consequently, the microwave-assisted synthesis using CuCl 2 2H 2 O is superior to not only that using the conventional contact heating but also the microwaveassisted synthesis using the generally adopted ZnCl 2 when comprehensively considering the carbon yield, production cost, and porous structure. From Table 1, comparable I D /I G values were observed in PC-Cu (0.95) and PC-Cu-C (1.01) to those of the reported works (0.98, 39 0.93, 40 and 0.93 41 ), suggesting the presence of highly structural defects. PC-Cu and PC-Cu-C showed two broad peaks at around 26°(002 plane) and 43°(100 plane), which are ascribed to graphitic carbons.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Pcssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Rapid synthesis of chitin‐based porous carbons with high yield, high nitrogen retention, and low cost for high‐rate supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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It is a great challenge to simultaneously achieve high yield, high nitrogen retention, and low cost for chitin-based porous carbons (PCs) while obtaining highly porous structure. Herein, copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl 2 2H 2 O) is innovatively used as the microwave absorber and also porogen for direct synthesis of PCs from chitin via microwave heating. A very short duration of 10 minutes is achieved for this synthesis, because microwave irradiation renders a rapid heating rate of 126°C min −1 during the initial 5 minutes. In addition, the melted CuCl 2 wraps the chitin to preserve its overall structure during synthesis, thus obtaining a yield as high as 36% and a nitrogen retention up to 5.2%. Furthermore, a low temperature of about 600°C that triggers the redox reactions of CuCl 2 into Cu to achieve well-developed porous structure (specific surface area up to 1535 m 2 g −1 ) is observed, suggesting a merit of low cost for this synthesis. The PC-based electrode exhibits not only a high specific capacitance of 227 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 in 6 mol L −1 KOH electrolyte but also a good rate capability with a high capacitance retention of 67.7% even at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A g −1 . Owing to these promising capacitive performances of PCs, the fabricated supercapacitor can remain 70.1% of the energy density when the power density was dramatically increased by 20 times.KEYWORDS chitin-based carbon, CuCl 2 porogen, high-rate supercapacitor, microwave-assisted synthesis, electrode material

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Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Pcssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Pcssupporting

confidence: 80%

Rapid synthesis of chitin‐based porous carbons with high yield, high nitrogen retention, and low cost for high‐rate supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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“…On the other hand, KMnO 4 turned out to be an effective porogen for hierarchical porous carbon. When KMnO 4 was applied as an activation agent, the derived carbon exhibited more macropores and mesopores compared with the carbon materials activated by KOH 100. A large number of macropores and mesopores were generated due to the reactions described in Equations –.…”

Section: New Chemical Activation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2020

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Supercapacitors (SCs) have experienced a significant increase in research activity and commercialization during the past few decades. As the primary and most important electrode active material for commercial SCs, porous carbon is produced at an industrial‐scale through traditional carbonization‐activation strategies. Nevertheless, commercial porous carbon materials have some disadvantages such as high production cost, corrosion of equipment, and emission of toxic gases and byproduct pollutants during production. In recent years, huge efforts have been made to develop novel synthesis strategies for porous carbon materials. This review focuses on the pore formation mechanisms in traditional carbonization‐activation methods, emerging activation methods, template methods, self‐template methods, and novel emerging methods for the synthesis of porous carbons for SCs. Strategies developed so far for the synthesis of porous carbon materials are summarized. The mechanisms and recent advances for each strategy are reviewed. Furthermore, future directions and synthesis strategies for porous carbons are proposed.

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“…Here, carbon foam with microporous structure (CFMS) was successfully synthesized through a simple one-step carbonization, where the commercially available sodium ascorbate was employed as raw material. The microporous structure not only offered a convenient path for the permeation of anions and cations but also tolerated the volume expansion of the graphite layer [49][50][51] . CFMS was employed as the anode and cathode of the battery, respectively, and both showed excellent electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon foam with microporous structure for high performance symmetric potassium dual-ion capacitor

Feng

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Chemistry

214

104

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Preparation of oxygen-enriched hierarchically porous carbon by KMnO4 one-pot oxidation and activation: Mechanism and capacitive energy storage

Cited by 81 publications

References 65 publications

Rapid synthesis of chitin‐based porous carbons with high yield, high nitrogen retention, and low cost for high‐rate supercapacitors

Rapid synthesis of chitin‐based porous carbons with high yield, high nitrogen retention, and low cost for high‐rate supercapacitors

Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Carbon foam with microporous structure for high performance symmetric potassium dual-ion capacitor

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