Preparation of oxazoline-group-functionalized diamond using poly(2-vinyl-2-oxazoline) based on a model reaction between oxazoline and carboxylic acid

Goto, Takuya; Nitta, Riku; Nukui, Takuya; Takemoto, Mitsunobu; Takahashi, Tatsuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108693

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Neutralization titration using sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate can provide a quantitatively accurate number of the carboxylic acid and phenol-OH groups on MWCNTs [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. We already established the accuracy of this method by comparison with previously reported results [ 22 ]. Firstly, 10 g of CFs was washed with acetone and ethanol, and then treated with 0.01 M NaOH solution (500 mL) to determine the total acid functional groups (COOH and phenol-OH).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Therefore, we used diamond particles with carbon sp 3 hybrid orbitals having COOH and phenol OH acid functional groups as a model carbon material instead of CF and MWCNT. When the particle size was less than 1 μm, evidence that bonding was successfully detected using FTIR to confirm the reaction between oxazoline and COOH [ 22 ]. Therefore, based on the evidence that there are COOH and phenol OH on the surface of CFs and MWCNTs, and the evidence of FTIR using the diamond particles, we consider that this indicates that oxazoline reacts with COOH or phenol OH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present experiments, we attempted to achieve a chemical reaction between oxazoline (from WS300, Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and phenol-OH, in addition to the reaction between oxazoline and carboxylic acid, which has already been confirmed to be 100% reaction at 100 °C after 3 h using low-molecular-weight oxazoline and nonanoic acid [ 22 ]. To examine the chemical reaction between oxazoline and phenol-OH in the present study, phenyl oxazoline (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and 3-methoxy phenol (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were used as low-molecular-weight model chemicals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to reactive polymers that include oxazoline, a fundamental polymerization study using 2-substituted-2-oxazoline was reported [ 21 ]. There are two typical reactive polymers that include oxazoline, poly-2-vinyl-2-oxazoline [ 22 ] from the polymerization of the 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline monomer, and poly-2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline [ 23 , 24 ] from the polymerization of the 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline (Pipozo) monomer. There is a commercially available copolymer of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline that has been utilized as a water soluble cross-linking agent [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We conducted research on the surface modification of carbon materials using reactive polymers including oxazoline, which has high reactivity and an irreversible reaction with carboxylic acid present on carbon materials, with the aim to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. We previously conducted a quantitative investigation of the uniform formation of a monolayer reactive polymer, and its reacted and unreacted oxazoline on diamond particle surfaces using poly-2-vinyl-2-oxazoline [ 22 ]. We also found that a uniform coating of MWCNTs on the diamond particle surface through uniform formation of a monolayer reactive polymer of poly-2-vinyl-2-oxazoline with carboxylic acid on the MWCNT surfaces and unreacted oxazoline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of Carbon Fiber for Enhancing the Mechanical Strength of Composites

et al. 2022

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The surface of carbon fibers (CFs) is often modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and the effect of the interface on the mechanical properties has been reported mostly for epoxy matrices. We achieved effective surface modification of CFs by a simple two-step process to graft a large amount of MWCNTs using a highly reactive polymer to enhance the bonding between CFs and MWCNTs. The first step was the reactive mono-molecular coating of a reactive polymer (poly-2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline; Pipozo) that has high reactivity with COOH from CFs and MWCNTs. The high reactivity between the oxazoline group and COOH or phenol OH was confirmed for low-molecular-weight reactions. The second step was the coating of MWCNTs from a dispersion in a solvent. This simple process resulted in a substantial amount of MWCNTs strongly bonded to CF, even after washing. The MWCNTs grafted onto CFs remained even after melt-mixing. The effect on the interface, i.e., physical anchoring, led to an improvement of the mechanical properties. The novelty of the present study is that Pipozo acted as a molecular bonding layer between CFs and MWCNTs as a physical anchoring structure formed by a simple process, and the interface caused a 20% improvement in the tensile strength and modulus. This concept of a composite having a physical anchoring structure of MWCNTs on CFs has potential applications for lightweight thermoplastics, such as in the automotive industry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of Carbon Fiber for Enhancing the Mechanical Strength of Composites

et al. 2022

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Flexible Composites of Barium Sulfate Modified by Tannic Acid Using Glycerol/Starch for X‐Ray Shielding Applications

Tokonami,

Osanai,

Hosoda

et al. 2024

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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This study investigates the X‐ray shielding properties and mechanical properties of barium sulfate (BaSO4) composites based on a biodegradable matrix composed of glycerol and starch. In addition, tannic acid (TA) is used for surface modification of the BaSO4. Increasing the amount of BaSO4 is necessary to improve the composite's X‐ray shielding properties; however, as the amount of BaSO4 increases, the composite becomes harder. The purpose of this research is to prepare a flexible X‐ray‐shielding composite even when a large amount of filler is added. TA easily coats the BaSO4 surface, and its presence is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Elongation of the composites composed of glycerol, starch, and BaSO4 is increased by 50% because of the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of glycerol and starch and those of TA. Consequently, the fracture behavior changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. However, the X‐ray shielding properties are not changed by the surface modification with TA. The use of glycerol, starch, and BaSO4 is a new approach to the development of biodegradable radiation shielding materials. In addition, as a surface‐modification agent, TA is environmentally friendly. All of the composites are prepared from natural materials.

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Simple surface modification of barium sulfate for improving the interface of polymer composites and its x‐ray shielding properties

Tokonami,

Osanai,

Hosoda

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Radiation shielding materials have been researched using Pb and metal oxide particles, and composites of resin and barium sulfate (BaSO4) have been reported. In addition, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have often been used as a nanomaterial to improve the mechanical strength of resin–BaSO4 composites. The literature includes no examples of these two materials—BaSO4 and MWCNTs—being used at the interface of composites. We effectively modified the surface of BaSO4 by a simple process involving strong electrostatic interaction between positively charged barium and negatively charged functional groups on the MWCNT surface. The process is simple and can form large amounts of MWCNTs that coat BaSO4 surfaces. As a result, MWCNTs remained on the BaSO4 surface even after the MWCNT‐coated BaSO4 was washed with a solvent and subjected to melt mixing. The physical anchoring of MWCNTs onto the BaSO4 surface improved the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of the resultant composites. The originality of this research is that MWCNTs can be coated onto the surface by only electrostatic interaction without using a polymer adhesive. In addition, the x‐ray shielding performance of the MWCNT‐containing composites was the same as that of composites prepared without the MWCNTs.Highlights MWCNTs were coated onto the surface of BaSO4 by electrostatic interaction. Interfacial adhesion of PS composites was improved by coating MWCNTs. The MWCNTs did not affect the x‐ray shielding performance.

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Preparation of oxazoline-group-functionalized diamond using poly(2-vinyl-2-oxazoline) based on a model reaction between oxazoline and carboxylic acid

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Surface Modification of Carbon Fiber for Enhancing the Mechanical Strength of Composites

Surface Modification of Carbon Fiber for Enhancing the Mechanical Strength of Composites

Flexible Composites of Barium Sulfate Modified by Tannic Acid Using Glycerol/Starch for X‐Ray Shielding Applications

Simple surface modification of barium sulfate for improving the interface of polymer composites and its x‐ray shielding properties

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