In this paper, we investigated the synthesis of an optically active poly(ester-imide) containing two aminoacid residues in the main chain. This macromolecule was synthesized by polycondensation of N,N -(pyromellitoyl)-bis-L-tyrosine dimethyl ester as a diphenolic monomer and a chiral trimellitic anhydridederived diacid monomer containing L-methionine. The direct step-growth polymerization of this diacid with aromatic diol was carried out in a system of tosyl chloride (TsCl), pyridine (Py) and N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF) as a condensing agent. The obtained polymer has a useful level of thermal stability. Thereafter, the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) was treated with a silane coupling agent, γ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570), which introduces functional groups on the surface of ZnO-NPs. Then, PEI/zinc oxide bionanocomposites (PEI/ZnO BNCs) containing 4, 8 and 12% of NPs were successfully prepared by an ultrasonic method as a simple and inexpensive route. In modified ZnONPs, the organic chains of KH570 can fulfill strict hindrance between inorganic NPs and prevent their aggregation. The obtained polymer BNCs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and TGA. The FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that the silane coupling agent was anchored on the surface of ZnO-NPs. Direct proof for the formation of the true polymer BNCs was provided by TEM investigation. Also, a morphology study of the synthesized polymer BNCs using FE-SEM analysis showed well-dispersed ZnO-NPs in the polymer matrix. TGA confirmed that the heat stability of the polymer BNCs was enhanced in the existence of modified nanostructure ZnO particles.