Preparation of nanoemulsions by phase inversion temperature (PIT)

Jintapattanakit, Anchalee

doi:10.29090/psa.2018.01.001

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Requiring no expensive equipment, easier implementation and better efficiency in terms of energy are the reasons for the growing interest in low energy methods [16,17,24,25]. Moreover, encapsulation of drugs and macromolecules can be carried out due to mild operating temperatures.…”

Section: Low Energy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fabrication of nanoemulsion involves the preparation of macroemulsions and then it's conversion to nanoemulsion by various methods, all of which can be categorized into either Low energy or High energy methods [5,16]. Techniques which involve modification of factors responsible for the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance come under Low energy methods and those that use mechanical devices to break down the particles to small sizes are referred to as high energy methods.…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is usually done by adding the organic phase into the aqueous phase and then a surfactant which is water miscible. The migration of the surfactant causes disorder at the interface of the two phases leading to an increase in the surface area along with the formation of oil droplets in the aqueous phase [16].…”

Section: Spontaneous Emulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At one temperature the surfactant exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, this temperature is known as HLB temperature (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) [17,27]. So, at this temperature the surfactant is equally soluble in the oil and aqueous phase [16,17].…”

Section: Phase Inversion Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the HLB temperature due to the low interfacial tension the surfactant forms a layer but as soon as the temperature is changed by quick cooling or heating, the surfactant molecules move from one phase into another resulting in the formation of small oil droplets. The movement of the surfactant molecules depends on its hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of its chain which in turn depends on temperature [16,17] (Figure 4).…”

Section: Phase Inversion Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

An Update on Nanoemulsions Using Nanosized Liquid in Liquid Colloidal Systems

Gupta¹,

Bhandari²,

Shah³

et al. 2019

Nanoemulsions - Properties, Fabrications and Applications

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Nanoemulsions, kinetically stable and thermodynamically unstable colloidal liquid-in-liquid dispersions with droplet sizes in the order of 20-500 nm mainly consist of oil, surfactants, co surfactants and an aqueous phase. There are various methods for the fabrication of Nano-emulsions which can be divided based on the energy required-High energy emulsification methods and Low energy emulsification methods. High energy emulsification includes methods like Ultra sonication, high pressure homogenization using either microfluidizers or high-pressure homogenizers. Low energy emulsification has drawn attention since they are soft, nondestructive and cause no damage to encapsulated molecules and includes methods like phase inversion temperature, solvent displacement, phase inversion composition method. Nanoemulsions are best suited for drug delivery systems because of their lipophilic nature, optical clarity and surface area. Owing to their nature to prevent flocculation and inherent creaming, nanoemulsions find an important place in the cosmetic industry also. This chapter provides an insight into the use of nanogels, emulsion based wet wipes and PEG free nanoemulsions in cosmetics. In the food industry, nanoemulsions are utilized for the production of functional foods. Some of the patented nanoemulsions and their commercial applications have also been mentioned.

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Section: Low Energy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spontaneous Emulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Inversion Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Inversion Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An Update on Nanoemulsions Using Nanosized Liquid in Liquid Colloidal Systems

Gupta¹,

Bhandari²,

Shah³

et al. 2019

Nanoemulsions - Properties, Fabrications and Applications

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Formulation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil nano‐emulsion via phase inversion temperature method

Vinh¹,

Hien

Đao³

2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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Recent trends in preservation of processed foods involve the use of natural compounds, rather than chemically synthesized additives, to simultaneously confer antimicrobial properties and prevent fat oxidation. In this regard, black pepper essential oils, due to its diversity in biological activities, have been increasingly popular. The compounds are often used in relatively low amounts and in the form of nanoparticles to permit well blending into foods or uniform dispersion on the surface of fresh meat. The purpose of this study is to determine experimental parameters of a nano‐emulsion formation process from black pepper essential oil via the phase inversion temperature (PIT) technique. The study results showed that the system achieved the optimal nano‐emulsion under following condition: the ratio by weight of water: Tween‐80: oil = 86:9.7:4.3, the stirring speed of nano‐emulsions at 500 rpm for 45 min (heating at 75°C for 30 min and then rapidly cooling at 5°C for 15 min).

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Effect of Ethylene Oxide Group in the Anionic–Nonionic Mixed Surfactant System on Microemulsion Phase Behavior

Kittithammavong

Charoensaeng

Khaodhiar

2020

J Surfact & Detergents

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The phase behavior of microemulsions stabilized by a binary anionic-nonionic surfactant mixture of sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (SDHS) and C12-14 alcohol ethoxylate (C 12 − 14 E j ) that contains an ethylene oxide (E j ) group number, j, of either 1, 5, or 9 was investigated for oil remediation. The oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) and optimal salinity of the microemulsion systems with different equivalent alkane carbon numbers (EACN) were examined. The anionic-nonionic surfactant ratio was found to play a pivotal role in the phase transition, IFT, and optimal salinity. The minimum IFT of mixed SDHS − C 12 − 14 E j systems were about three times lower than those of neat SDHS systems. A hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) empirical model for the mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant system with the characteristic parameter was proposed, as represented in the excess free energy term G EX RT À Á. The results suggested that the mixed system of SDHS − C 12 − 14 E 1 was more lipophilic, while SDHS − C 12 − 14 E 9 was more hydrophilic than the ideal mixture (no excess free energy during the microemulsion formation), and the SDHS − C 12 − 14 E 5 system was close to the ideal mixture. The findings from this work provide an understanding of how to formulate mixed anionic-nonionic microemulsion systems using the HLD model for oils that possess a wide range of EACN.

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Preparation of nanoemulsions by phase inversion temperature (PIT)

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

An Update on Nanoemulsions Using Nanosized Liquid in Liquid Colloidal Systems

An Update on Nanoemulsions Using Nanosized Liquid in Liquid Colloidal Systems

Formulation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil nano‐emulsion via phase inversion temperature method

Effect of Ethylene Oxide Group in the Anionic–Nonionic Mixed Surfactant System on Microemulsion Phase Behavior

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