Preparation of Nano Aluminium Powder (NAP) using a Thermal Plasma: Process Development and Characterization

Pant, Arti; Seth, Tanay; Raut, Varsha; Gajbhiye, V. P.; Newale, S. P.; Nandi, A. K.; Prasanth, Hima; Pandey, R. K.

doi:10.22211/cejem/64964

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…ANPs can be prepared using a variety of techniques, including electro-exploded wire (EEW) 14, 15 , plasma synthesized process 16, 17 , sol–gel 18 , induction heating evaporation (IHE), laser-induction complex heating evaporation (LCHE) 19 . Almost all ANPs used in propellant were prepared by physical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of mono-dispersed, high energy release, core/shell structure Al nanopowders and their application in HTPB propellant as combustion enhancers

Wang

Shangguan³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Mono-dispersed, spherical and core/shell structure aluminum nanopowders (ANPs) were produced massively by high energy ion beam evaporation (HEIBE). And the number weighted average particle size of the ANPs is 98.9 nm, with an alumina shell (3-5 nm). Benefiting from the passivation treatment, the friction, impact and electrostatic spark sensitivity of the ANPs are almost equivalent to those of aluminum micro powders. The result of TG-DSC indicates the active aluminum content of ANPs is 87.14%, the enthalpy release value is 20.37 kJ/g, the specific heat release S 1 /Δm 1 * (392-611 °C) which determined the ability of energy release is 19.95 kJ/g. And the value of S 1 /Δm 1 * is the highest compared with ANPs produced by other physical methods. Besides, the ANPs perfectly compatible with hydroxylterminated polybutadiene (HTPB), 3 wt. % of ANPs were used in HTPB propellant replaced micron aluminum powders, and improved the burning rate in the 3-12 MPa pressure range and reduced the pressure exponential by more than 31% in the 3-16 MPa pressure range. The production technology of ANPs with excellent properties will greatly promote the application of ANPs in the field of energetic materials such as propellant, explosive and pyrotechnics.The large specific surface area, high density, low consumption of oxygen, high volumetric heat of combustion and high reactivity made ANPs can be broadly used in propellants 1, 2 . Great attentions had been paid to aluminum nanoparticles because of their superior performances in burning and energy release, which is expected to solve the problems of aluminum micro-particles, existed in propellants 3-5 . The burning rate of the solid rocket propellants is one of the most important factors that determine the performance of rocket 6 . The typical diameter of aluminum particles used in propellants is in the order of ~30 μm 7 . The burning rate of propellants can be increased by employing aluminum powders with higher specific surface area 8,9 . Replacement of micro-aluminum powders by ANPs will increase the propellant burning rate by ~100% and always show low pressure-exponents in 1-12 MPa pressure range 10 . Besides, the burning rate of the solid propellants increases depending on the percentage of high-energy matters, ANPs, in the propellant content 6 .ANPs have small size and surface effects, and their surface atoms are not matched, which leads to the particles are in highly active state 2 . The high reactivity of ANPs have also caused aging problems, particularly in an environment of high relative humidity 11 . Another problem of using ANPs as additives in propellants is the original agglomeration, leading to heterogeneity of the mixtures and to coalescence of agglomerates in the heat penetration zone during combustion 12 . The near-surface combustion of ANPs controls the propellant burning rate, the high agglomeration level of ANPs points to low exponent of burning rate 10 . In order for any energetic material to have application, it must be sensitive enough to various stimuli to combus...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of mono-dispersed, high energy release, core/shell structure Al nanopowders and their application in HTPB propellant as combustion enhancers

Wang

Shangguan³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The preparation processes of aluminum nanopowders essentially differ by the technique used to evaporate aluminum. For instance, the metallic vapor can be produced by the electric explosion of wire, or by resistive heating, or by means of a plasma torch [12][13][14][15][16]. The ideal thickness of the alumina shell which covers the aluminum core is between 3 to 5 nm.…”

Section: On the Properties Of Aluminum Nanopowdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanothermites: A short Review. Factsheet for Experimenters, Present and Future Challenges

Comet

Martin

Schnell

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Nanothermites are the most important family of energetic materials in contemporary pyrotechnics. This article traces the main research which was carried out in this still recent domain and the challenges that remain to be overcome. The academic effort of past two decades has brought nanothermites from the status of laboratory curiosities to the one of pre‐industrial materials. Different aspects of nanothermites are discussed in order to provide valuable information to scientists experimenting in this domain. Experimental details on the preparation and the disposal of nanothermites are reported. The current research on nanothermites deals with: (i) the development of new aluminothermic mixtures; (ii) the preparation of hybrid compositions by combining nanothermites with explosive nanopowders and (iii) the study of reactive properties. From an academic standpoint, the future challenges are to find new compositions and effects. From a practical standpoint, the effort must focus on the integration of nanothermites and their derivatives in pyrotechnic systems. Toxicological concerns are expected to become increasingly important over the next decade.

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“…Fedoroff and Sheffield [ 11 ] indicate that the RDX solubility in acetone is reduced four times by cooling from 60 to 0 °C. Pant et al [ 12 ] used all standard techniques available to recrystallize RDX into sub-micrometer crystals in a beaker. The smallest size was obtained when the antisolvent was added to a cooled, highly supersaturated solution, while applying ultrasonication and stirring.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

Pessina¹,

Spitzer²

2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Research efforts for realizing safer and higher performance energetic materials are continuing unabated all over the globe. While the thermites – pyrotechnic compositions of an oxide and a metal – have been finely tailored thanks to progress in other sectors, organic high explosives are still stagnating. The most symptomatic example is the longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Recent advances in crystallization processes and milling technology mark the beginning of a new area which will hopefully lead the pyroelectric industry to finally embrace nanotechnology. This work reviews the previous and current techniques used to crystallize RDX at a submicrometer scale or smaller. Several key points are highlighted then discussed, such as the smallest particle size and its morphology, and the scale-up capacity and the versatility of the process.

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Preparation of Nano Aluminium Powder (NAP) using a Thermal Plasma: Process Development and Characterization

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Preparation of mono-dispersed, high energy release, core/shell structure Al nanopowders and their application in HTPB propellant as combustion enhancers

Preparation of mono-dispersed, high energy release, core/shell structure Al nanopowders and their application in HTPB propellant as combustion enhancers

Nanothermites: A short Review. Factsheet for Experimenters, Present and Future Challenges

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

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