Preparation of Methylammonium Tin Iodide (CH₃NH₃SnI₃) Perovskite Thin Films via Flash Evaporation

Abstract

Using the one‐step flash evaporation technique, it is possible to deposit a film of methylammonium tin iodide (MASI, CH3NH3SnI3) from the solid perovskite powder that is prepared by a mechanochemical synthesis, without the use of any solvents. The source material and the film are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The XPS measurements show that the MASI film is stoichiometric and is a p‐type material with the Fermi level of 0.4 eV above the valence band maximum (VBM) and a bandgap of 1.3 eV. The XRD pattern of the film reveals the formation of MASI perovskite of high purity, crystallizing with pseudo‐cubic symmetry, having the lattice parameters a ≈ c = 6.239(8) Å.

Influence of SWCNT on the Electrical Behavior of an Environmentally Friendly CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite-Based Optoelectronic Schottky Device

“…The main XPS peak positions of I 3d 5/2 , C 1s, N 1s, and Sn 3d 5/2 are 618.8, 284.4, 401.57, and 487 eV, respectively. The peak of Sn is mainly composed of one kind of tin, indicating that the +2 oxidation state of Sn is the only state present . The band of carbon C 1s (1) lies at 284.4 eV, representing SWCNTs and the carbon component of methylammonium of the perovskite composite.…”

“…An additional deconvoluted carbon signal arose at 285.9 eV due to the surface defect at the perovskite grain or an impurity from the deposition setup. 17 To determine the valence band maximum binding energy of the device, XPS measurements were taken in the valence band region of the material in the energy range of −3 to +5 eV, as shown in Figure 4a. It is standard procedure to linearly extend the strong emission onset to background intensity to calculate the magnitude of the valence band maximum from photoemission valence band spectra.…”

“…The peak of Sn is mainly composed of one kind of tin, indicating that the +2 oxidation state of Sn is the only state present. 17 The band of carbon C 1s (1) lies at 284.4 eV, representing SWCNTs and the carbon component of methylammonium of the perovskite composite. An additional deconvoluted carbon signal arose at 285.9 eV due to the surface defect at the perovskite grain or an impurity from the deposition setup.…”

Scheme for generating upscaling scenarios of emerging functional materials based energy technologies in prospective LCA (UpFunMatLCA)

“…The PSC samples selected were manufactured as part of the material development of the Surface Science Group of the Technical University of Darmstadt, aiming for the optimization of PSC's performances to the physical optimum (Dachauer et al, 2019;Mortan et al, 2019Mortan et al, , 2020Wittich et al, 2018). They represent a typical PSC device, including several FunMats and manufacturing processes (Figure 4) commonly used in many research labs (Chen et al, 2017).…”

Recent progress toward highly efficient tin‐based perovskite (ASnX3) solar cells

“…Mortan et al. employed flash evaporation to deposit MASnI 3 film on glass [ 92 ] and Hoffmann‑Urlaub et al. used pulsed laser deposition fabricating FA 1− x MA x SnI 3 film.…”