Preparation of mesocellular carbon foam and its application for lithium/oxygen battery

Yang, Xinhui; He, Ping; Xia, Yongyao

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.03.029

Cited by 324 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Due to the limited success of commercial carbons, many researchers have tried to develop new structures to improve performances. Yang et al [ 16 ] reported that mesocellular carbon foam (MCF-C) with large pore volumes and large mesoporous structures exhibited a higher discharge capacity than commercial carbon black. Zhai et al [ 130 ] showed that two kinds of discharge products, i.e., Li 2 O 2 and LiO 2 , were formed on pores of the activated carbon and emphasized that the latter can reduce the charge potential.…”

Section: Porous Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As consequence, poor specifi c capacities are reached, despite the large surface area. [ 16 ] To further complicate things, the performance of lithium/air batteries is not solely determined by either the surface area, the porosity, or the pore size of the air electrode, but by a morecomplex interplay of these components. [ 134 ] For instance, while mesoporous architectures (i.e.…”

Section: The Cathode Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 14,15 ] Many researchers are now focusing on the development of advanced catalysts and cathode substrates to improve effi ciency and cycle life using mostly organic electrolytes. Materials used as cathode supports comprise porous carbon, [16][17][18][19] graphene, [ 20 ] carbon nanotubes (CNT) or carbon nanofi bers (CNF) [ 21,22 ] with catalysts such as metal oxides (MnO 2 , [23][24][25][26] Co 3 O 4 , [ 27,28 ] noble metals, [ 7,[29][30][31] and others. [ 32,33 ] At an industrial level, in 2009 IBM launched the "Battery 500" project, which had the ambitious aim of developing a Li/air battery that could ensure a 500 mile driving range, [ 34 ] and it was thought that soon enough this technology would make it to practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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gas. At the same time, the penetration of renewable energy sources has opened up the possibility of creating a CO 2 -neutral mobility system, where electric vehicles are powered by wind, hydro, and solar energy.Broad fi nancial efforts are being made at a governmental and industrial level to fund research into new areas of energy storage. The U.S. Department of Energy has allocated $20 million to energy storage research in 2012 and $15 million the following year, while the German government has committed itself to ¤200 million between 2011 and 2018; [ 1 ] similar schemes are also being promoted in Japan by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The EU-backed "Horizon 2020" program aims at funding research into energy storage technologies, a fi eld where the European Union lags behind the U.S. and East Asia. [ 2 ] Lithium-ion technology has established itself as a type of reliable energy-storage chemistry over the past 20 years, fi rst being used in camcorders, then mobile phones, laptops, and more recently electric cars. However, as the size of the battery pack increases, so does the belief that the cost per kW h and its energy density are not suitable for practical vehicle applications. The Tesla Model S, which sports a 400 km driving range, does so with a whopping 85 kW h battery pack that alone has up to twice the price of a standard economy car. With a current cost higher than 400 $ kW h −1 , electric cars have so far only entered a niche, high-end market where users are willing to pay a premium. Resizing the battery pack, and so the total cost of an electric car, results in a limited driving range (typically 100-150 km) that automatically restricts the use for long-haul journeys and triggers the so-called "range anxiety" feeling. For these reasons, the need to develop energy-storage technologies that enable at least a 500 km driving range, while retaining the same battery pack volume at an affordable price, is of primary interest for governments and car manufacturers. A Brief History of Lithium/Air BatteriesOver the years, the scientifi c community has focused its interest on advanced lithium-ion and fuel cells with only incremental improvements being made. Lithium-ion technology in particular is predicted to reach an asymptotic limit in specifi c Lithium/air is a fascinating energy storage system. The effective exploitation of air as a battery electrode has been the long-time dream of the battery community. Air is, in principle, a no-cost material characterized by a very high specifi c capacity value. In the particular case of the lithium/air system, energy levels approaching that of gasoline have been postulated. It is then not surprising that, in the course of the last decade, great attention has been devoted to this battery by various top academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. This intense investigation, however, has soon highlighted a series of issues that prevent a rapid development of the Li/air electrochemical system. Although several breakthroughs have be...

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Section: Porous Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Cathode Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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“…So far, great efforts have been devoted to developing the cathode catalyst with high activity and stability for oxygen-involved reactions in Li-O2 batteries [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Peng et al [7] firstly reported the rechargeable Li-O2 batteries by catalyzing the reversible formation/decomposition of the Li2O2 on porous Au catalyst, which makes Li-O2 batteries promising for practical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long life rechargeable Li-O2 batteries enabled by enhanced charge transfer in nanocable-like Fe@N-doped carbon nanotube catalyst

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2017

Sci. China Mater.

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Rechargeable Li-O2 batteries have attracted considerable interests because of their exceptional energy density. However, the short lifetime still remained as one of the bottle-neck obstacles for the practical application of rechargeable Li-O2 batteries. The development of efficient cathode catalyst is highly desirable to reduce the energy barrier of Li-O2 reaction and electrode failure. In this work, we report a facile strategy for the fabrication of a high-performance cathode catalyst for rechargeable Li-O2 batteries by the encapsulation of high content of active Fe nanorods into N-doped carbon nanotubes with high stability (denoted as Fe@NCNTs). First-principles calculations reveal that the synergistic charge transfer and redistribution between the interface of Fe nanorods, the CNT walls and the active N dopants greatly facilitate the chemisorption and subsequent dissociation of O2 molecules into the epoxy intermediates on the carbon surface, which benefits the uniform growth of nanosized discharge products on CNT surface and thus boosts the reversibility of Li-O2 reactions. As a result, the cathode with Fe@NCNT catalyst exhibits long cycling stability with high capacities (1000 mA h g −1 for 160 cycles and 600 mA h g −1 for 270 cycles). Based on the total mass of Fe@NCNTs + Li2O2, high gravimetric energy densities of 2120-2600 W h kg −1 can be achieved at the power densities of 50-795 W kg −1 .

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“…Difficulties in developing suitable catalysts stem from considerable complexity in relation to the analysis of Li-air cell's performance due to many involved parameters. These parameters, including pore structure of carbon support materials, 80,166,167) the choice of electrolytes (the viscosity, oxygen solubility, and ionic conductivity), 82,168,169) wettability between electrolyte and electrode, 167,170) binder, and the thickness of the electrode, 171) if not properly sorted out, will obscure catalysts' effects in the nano-and macro-scale. Thus, approaches for catalyst R&D should be multidisciplinary.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Per-spectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Challenges Associated with Catalyst Development for the Commercialization of Li-air Batteries

Park

Kim

Seo

et al. 2014

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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ABSTRACT:Li-air cell is an exotic type of energy storage and conversion device considered to be half battery and half fuel cell. Its successful commercialization highly depends on the timely development of key components. Among these key components, the catalyst (i.e., the core portion of the air electrode) is of critical importance and of the upmost priority. Indeed, it is expected that these catalysts will have a direct and dramatic impact on the Li-air cell's performance by reducing overpotentials, as well as by enhancing the overall capacity and cycle life of Li-air cells. Unfortunately, the technological advancement related to catalysts is sluggish at present. Based on the insights gained from this review, this sluggishness is due to challenges in both the commercialization of the catalyst, and the fundamental studies pertaining to its development. Challenges in the commercialization of the catalyst can be summarized as 1) the identification of superior materials for Li-air cell catalysts, 2) the development of fundamental, material-based assessments for potential catalyst materials, 3) the achievement of a reduction in both cost and time concerning the design of the Li-air cell catalysts. As for the challenges concerning the fundamental studies of Li-air cell catalysts, they are 1) the development of experimental techniques for determining both the nano and micro structure of catalysts, 2) the attainment of both repeatable and verifiable experimental characteristics of catalyst degradation, 3) the development of the predictive capability pertaining to the performance of the catalyst using fundamental material properties. Therefore, under the current circumstances, it is going to be an extremely daunting task to develop appropriate catalysts for the commercialization of Li-air batteries; at least within the foreseeable future. Regardless, nano materials are expected to play a crucial role in this field.

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Preparation of mesocellular carbon foam and its application for lithium/oxygen battery

Cited by 324 publications

References 12 publications

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

Long life rechargeable Li-O2 batteries enabled by enhanced charge transfer in nanocable-like Fe@N-doped carbon nanotube catalyst

Practical Challenges Associated with Catalyst Development for the Commercialization of Li-air Batteries

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