Preparation of lung targeting microspheres of gelatin ceftiofur alkali

The effects of dual doping on the thermoelectric properties of Ca3−xMxCo4−yCuyO9 (M=Na, La)

“…At relatively low temperatures, the decrease with electric conductivity is also observed in CCO and CCCO specimens, which could be caused by a spin-state transition of Co ions around 420 K [44]. The electrical conductivity of CCCO is larger than CCO by the rise of the hole concentration originated from the substitution of Cu 2+ for Co 3+ [41], which is consistent with previously report [31]. The conductivities of CLCCO-1 and CLCCO-2 are slightly smaller than CCCO, because the substitution of La 3+ for Ca 2+ decreases hole concentration, while that of CLCCO-3 is larger than CCO, presumably due to valance change of Co resulted from higher doping of La as suggested by XPS.…”

“…Furthermore, we also explored Ca-site doping by La instead of Na, which has been shown to possess both excellent electric conductivity (213 S/cm) and good Seebeck coefficient (156 V/K) at 975 K [22]. While dual substitutions at both Casite and Co-site have been investigated before, particularly Ca-site by Bi and Co-site by Cu, [40,41] the resulting electric conductivity is relatively low, measured to be 103 S/cm at 1000 K, and substantial grain growth has also been observed that is not desirable for the reduction of thermal conductivity, which we hope to avoid by using Na or La instead of Bi.…”