Preparation of lignin nanoparticles via ultra‐fast microwave‐assisted fractionation of lignocellulose using ternary deep eutectic solvents

Abstract

Lignin separation from natural lignocellulose for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) is often challenging owing to the recalcitrant and complex structure of lignocellulose. This paper reports a strategy for the rapid synthesis of LNPs via microwave-assisted lignocellulose fractionation using ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs). A novel ternary DES with strong hydrogen bonding was prepared using choline chloride, oxalic acid, and lactic acid in a 1:0.5:1 ratio. Efficient fractionation of rice straw (0.5 × 2.0 cm) (RS) was realized by the ternary DES under microwave irradiation (680 W) within only 4 min, and 63.4% of lignin could be separated from the RS to prepare LNPs with a high lignin purity (86.8%), an average particle size of 48-95 nm, and a narrow size distribution. The mechanism of lignin conversion was also investigated, which revealed that dissolved lignin aggregated into LNPs via π-π stacking interactions.

Improved Synthesis of Furfurylamine from a High Titer of Biomass-Derived Furfural by a Thermostable Triple Mutant ω-Transaminase in a Three-Component Deep Eutectic Solvent ChCl/Lactic Acid/Malonic Acid System

“…The hydrogen bonds formed in the ternary DES were stronger than those in ChCl. The density of the electron cloud around the hydrogen nucleus weakened correspondingly, resulting in the δ value of 1 H moving to the next direction . 3c-DES ChCl/MA/LA showed the highest dehydration activity toward d -xylose (300 mM), and it was chosen as a suitable chemocatalyst for the conversion of d -xylose into FAL.…”

Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvent-like Mixtures for Fractionation Biomass, and the Mechanism Removal of Lignin: A Review

“…The work by Yan et al [35] focuses on the separation of lignin from plant biomass and the subsequent production of lignin nanomaterials. For the synthesis of these lignin nanoparticles, the synthesis by means of the microwave fractionation of biomass with the participation of ternary DES-like mixtures was used.…”

Effect of ternary deep eutectic solvents on delignification of stone pine cone

“…The rising importance of DES can be observed from the increasing publication number in the last decade from the Web of Science (2023) (Figure 1). During the last decade, DESs have been extensively studied in biomass fractionation (Li et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2018;Lyu et al, 2018;Kwon et al, 2020;Yan et al, 2023) and pulping (Choi et al, 2016a;2016b;Smink et al, 2019;Gülsoy et al, 2022a;2022b;Gülsoy, 2023).…”

“…There have been limited studies on the use of TDESs in biomass treatment, despite the fact that BDESs have received a lot of attention. Yan et al (2023) synthesized lignin nanoparticles from rice straw using microwave-assisted lignocellulose fractionation with TDESs (ChCl, OA, and LA in a 1:0.5:1 ratio). The TDES efficiently fractionated rice straw under microwave irradiation (680 W) in about 4 minutes, and 63.4% of lignin was removed from the rice straw with 86.8% purity.…”