Preparation of Laser Energetic Coordination Polymers Based on Urazine by Self-Crystallization

Abstract

A practical and brilliant way of preparing laser energetic coordination polymers based on crystallization chemistry and coordination theory is proposed in this paper. Design and successful synthesis of urazine (C 2 H 4 N 4 O 2 , H 2 ur, 1) by the theory of "cyclization of semicarbazides" are reported. Using the "acidcontrolled self-crystallization" synthesis method, with H 2 ur as the ligand, we successfully synthesized [Ag(H 2 ur) 2 ClO 4 •H 2 O] n (3) and confirmed its composition and 1D structure. In addition, 3 was subjected to a simple drying operation to obtain a solvent-free [Ag(H 2 ur) 2 ClO 4 ] n (4). Also, 4 has the best abilities in physics and chemistry, such as excellent thermal stability, insensitivity to light, mechanical insensitivity, and good corrosion resistance. In particular, thermogravimetric analysis−differential scanning calorimetry−Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the thermal decomposition products of 4 and demonstrated that the main decomposed products are AgCl, N 2 , and H 2 O. Moreover, the calculated predictions show that 4 has an acceptable detonation performance (P = 22.5 GPa; D = 6.9 km s −1 ). Furthermore, the hot needle examination and detonation experiment show that 4 can be used as a primary explosive. More importantly, as a laser-detonated light-sensitive material, 4 has a significant application value in safety detonators (E = 100 mJ, P = 10 W, and τ = 10 ms).

Coordination-Induced NIR Photothermal Conversion and Laser Detonation Based on a Quasi-Diamond Interpenetrated Structure

“…The energetic-related parameters of Cu-dhba have also been measured and comparatively studied. The thermal stability of Cu-dhba is comparable to and even higher than those of the widely used explosive materials (Figure S7) , and reported energetic CPs constructed with N-rich ligands. ,− Calculated from DSC measurement, the heat evolution for Cu-dhba is 838.9 J·g –1 which is better than 690 J·g –1 for the energetic composite of MOF-5-TNM (TNM = tetranitromethane) under the similar testing conditions . Furthermore, Cu-dhba exhibits good tolerance to external stimuli that affect both the safety and accurate control.…”

Tailoring Transition Metals and Biuret into Laser-Ignitable Energetic Coordination Polymers with Improved Oxygen Balance and Multidentate Coordination Structures

“…Due to the above characteristics, most reported energy coordination polymers (ECPs) show good thermal stability, high density, low sensitivity, and high energy content. − Some energetic properties of them (calculated value) are even better than those of CL-20, but their sensitivity is lower than that of TNT, which reaches a unity between high energy and low sensitivity. Therefore, these ECPs have been a hot topic in the study of energetic materials. − …”

Lithium-Promoted Formation of M-2AZTO-Li (M = N2H5+ or NH3OH+ and AZTO = Anion of 1-Hydroxytetrazole-5-hydrazide)-Type “Quaternary” Complexes with Nitrogen-Rich Characteristics: Construction of Novel Insensitive Energetic Materials

“…Energetic complexes are typically produced in the following three forms (Figure A–C): (A) high-energy anion-metal-cation, − (B) high-energy cation-metal-ion-oxygen-rich-anion, − and (C) azole anion-heavy metal-cation-azide anion. − The foregoing three types of complexes exhibit different characteristics in terms of their physicochemical properties, and of these, types A and B tend to form high-energy complexes with a high oxygen content; a majority of such complexes also have a high mechanical sensitivity, facilitating their use as primary explosives, oxidizer combustion promoters, or heat-resistant explosives. Furthermore, C-type complexes are more likely to form nitrogen-rich structures and exhibit favorable thermal stabilities.…”