Preparation of ion exchange membranes for fuel cell based on crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) with poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid)

Water Soluble Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

“…As the amount of SSA in the PVA/SSA membrane was reduced to less than 17 wt%, the proton conductivity and methanol ) and at the same time act as a barrier to methanol transport. Similar results have also been obtained for PVA-based crosslinked membranes by using poly (styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-PMA) as both crosslinker and as a donor of the hydrophilic group (carboxylic and/or sulfonic acid groups) [72] ( Table 4; 2). The results show that proton and methanol transport decreased with an increase in the PSSA-PMA content.…”

“…However, the excessive swelling of PVA-PWA composite membranes limits their mechanical strength. For PEM applications, PVA is commonly incorporated into the PEM as a crosslinked partner via aldol condensation [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] or esterification [49,[71][72][73][74][75][76] to form a 3D network structure. Moreover, the degree of crosslinking of the PVA-based membranes has been shown to be easy to control via successive chemical treatments (aldol condensation or esterification).…”

“…To overcome this drawback, a crosslinking strategy has been employed to fabricate a DMFC membrane. However, the PVA membranes are poor proton conductors as compared with Nafion ® ; hence it is necessary to combine it with a monomer, oligomer or polymer that contains negatively charged ions (carboxylic and/or sulfonic acid groups), such as sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) [71], poly (styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-PMA) [72], poly (acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PAA-PMA) [76], p-sulfonate phenolic (s-Ph) [130], sulfonated polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (sPOSS) [131], sulfonated poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK) [132], sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone) (SPAKE) [74] or 4-formyl-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt (DSDSBA) [70] (Table 3; 1-9). Figure 7 illustrates the preparation of PVA-based crosslinked membranes.…”

Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

“…Figure 6.28 shows the relative selectivity plot for PVA-based membranes. Pure PVA have a low relative methanol permeability but also low proton conductivity resulting in β r % 1, [329] and PVA-based membranes: SSA-GA ( ) [330]; PSSA-MA ( ) [331,332], SSA/PSSA-MA ( ) [333]; sulfonated phenolic resin (sPh) ( ) [334]; PI/3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSGEPS) ( ) [335]; SSA/PVP ( ) [336]; bis (4-γ-aminopropyldiethoxysilylphenyl)sulfone (APDSPS) ( ) [337]; Organophosphorous acid/ chitosan ( ) [329]; aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) ( ) [338]; sulfonated PVA ( ) [339], methylpropane sulfonic acid (MPSA) ( ) [340,341], sPOSS ( ) [342]; DSDSBA ( ) [343]; SSA/SiO 2 ( ) [344]; PAA/SiO 2 ( ) [345]; N-p-carboxy benzyl chitosan (CBC)/SiO 2 ( ) [346]; benzene-silica ( ) [347]; Si-sPS/A)/PWA ( ) [348]; sulphated β-CD ( ) [349]; Montmorillonite ( ) [350,351]; Organoclay ( ) [352]; PVA-co-Poly(vinyl acetate-co-itaconic acid/PMA ( ) [353]; poly(ether sulfone/PWA ( ) [354]; Zirconium phosphate/Cs-salt SWA ( ) [355] while a significant number of PVA-based membranes are located in the C2 octant, having selectivities lower than Nafion. However, several PVA-based membranes belong to the A-quadrant with proton conductivities and methanol barrier higher than Nafion, or are located in the B2 octant with high relative selectivity.…”

Preparation of KOH‐doped PVA/PSSA Solid Polymer Electrolyte for DMFC: The Influence of TiO2 and PVP on Performance of Membranes

“…Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a semi-crystalline and non-fluorinated polyhydroxy polymer, introduces interesting properties in fuel cell applications [20][21][22].…”