Preparation of highly reactive metal powders. Preparation, characterization, and chemistry of iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, and platinum microparticles

Kavaliunas, Arunas V.; Taylor, Ashley M.; Rieke, Reuben D.

doi:10.1021/om00075a004

Cited by 63 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Ohsawa et al 203 found that the potassium metal-crown ether-diglyme system could be effective for the reductive removal of sulfonyl group from O -sulfonates or sulfonamides. The Rieke group 204, 205 prepared highly reactive metal powders of Fe, Co, Ni, Pd and Pt from the reduction of anhydrous metal halides in monoglyme or THF by lithium in the presence of a small amount of naphthalene. Inaba et al 206 prepared highly reactive metallic nickel by reducing nickel halides with lithium in monoglyme using naphthalene as an electron carrier, and further investigated it as a reductive homocoupling reagent for benzylic mono- and polyhalides (Scheme 9) to produce 1,2-diarylethanes.…”

Section: Uses In Organic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meot-Ner 24 calculated the proton affinities (in kcal mol À1 ) from measurements by pulsed highpressure mass spectrometry as: monoglyme (205), diglyme (219), triglyme (226), 12-crown-4 (220) and 18-crown-6 (221). Sharma et al 25 determined the proton affinities (in kcal mol À1 ) of several glymes and crown ethers by measuring protontransfer equilibria with a pulsed electron beam high ion source pressure mass spectrometer: Me 2 O (191), monoglyme (204), diglyme (218), triglyme (224), tetraglyme (227), 12-crown-4 (221), 15-crown-5 (223) and 18-crown-6 (230) [based on PA(NH 3 ) ¼ 204 kcal mol À1 ]. The ab initio calculations of 12-crown-4, 15crown-5, 18-crown-6, glymes and protonated species suggest that protonated crown ethers share similar moieties with protonated diglyme; the calculated proton affinities (in kcal mol À1 ) are: diglyme (222), 12-crown-4 (221), 15-crown-5 (225), and 18-crown-6 (227).…”

Section: General Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glymes as versatile solvents for chemical reactions and processes: from the laboratory to industry

2014

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Glymes, also known as glycol diethers, are saturated non-cyclic polyethers containing no other functional groups. Most glymes are usually less volatile and less toxic than common laboratory organic solvents; in this context, they are more environmentally benign solvents. However, it is also important to point out that some glymes could cause long-term reproductive and developmental damages despite their low acute toxicities. Glymes have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters that common organic solvents are lack of. In addition, they are usually thermally and chemically stable, and can even form complexes with ions. Therefore, glymes are found in a broad range of laboratory applications including organic synthesis, electrochemistry, biocatalysis, materials, and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), etc. In addition, glyme are used in numerous industrial applications, such as cleaning products, inks, adhesives and coatings, batteries and electronics, absorption refrigeration and heat pumps, as well as pharmaceutical formulations, etc. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and critical review on this attractive subject. This review aims to accomplish this task by providing an in-depth understanding of glymes’ physicochemical properties, toxicity and major applications.

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Section: Uses In Organic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glymes as versatile solvents for chemical reactions and processes: from the laboratory to industry

2014

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“…90% when the reaction is performed on a 2 mmol scale. Control experiments show that N 3 Ad and t BuNC do not react with each other in the absence of L tBu FeNNFeL tBu , at 60 1C in C 6 D 6 for 5 d. Also, L tBu FeCl 18 and Rieke iron 19 do not catalyze the formation of t BuNQCQNAd, suggesting that iron(II) and iron(0) are not capable of effecting the observed reactivity, and verifying that these potential trace contaminants are not responsible for the catalytic reaction.…”

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confidence: 94%

Catalytic nitrene transfer from an imidoiron(iii) complex to form carbodiimides and isocyanates

et al. 2009

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“…Early reports of isolated arylpalladium(I1) complexes of nitrogen donor ligands in which the aryl group is not part of a chelating system or of a metallacycle mainly involve pentachlorophenyl and pentafluorophenyl groups [41. Exceptions are the synthesis of PdIPh(bpy) in 17% yield from the reaction of iodobenzene with activated palladium powder in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridyl [7], and the formation of PdCNp-tolylXphen) in 93% yield from the reaction of Pd,(dba), . C,H, (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) with p-tolylmercuric chloride in the presence of l,lO-phenanthroline monohydrate (phen) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and structural studies of phenyl(iodo)- and methyl(phenyl)palladium(II) complexes of bidentate nitrogen donor ligands

Markies

Canty

Graaf

et al. 1994

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

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Phenylpalladium(I1) complexes of the type PdIPh(N-N), with N-N = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) or 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy), can be conveniently prepared in 70-95% yield by oxidative addition of iodobenxene to bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) in the presence of the appropriate nitrogen donor ligand. The bromo analogues were obtained in only S-12% yield in this way. The complex PdIPh(tmeda) (la) reacts readily with MeLi to give PdMePh(tmeda) (3) in 88% yield, whereas PdIPh(bpy) (la) gives PdMePh(bpy) (4) and PdMe,(bpy) in varying ratios. The formation of PdMe,(bpy) was found to result from the synergistic action of lithium iodide and methyllithium. Pure PdMePh(bpy) (4) was obtained in 82% yield via ligand-exchange from PdMePh(tmeda) (3). The crystal structures of PdIPh(N-N) (la, 2a) and PdMePh(N-N) (3, 4) complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The results show that the phenyl group is always oriented perpendicular to the coordination plane aroutd palladium, with the largest deviation found for 3 (14.3(2)"). The Pd-N bond distances in the tmeda complexes (2.127(6)-2.210(3) A) are larger than those in the bpy-coordinated complexes (2.870(8)-2.144f8) A). Similarly, the Pd-CfMe) bond distances (2.5703(8) and 2.575(l) & are larger than the Pd-C(Ph) bond distances (1.985(3)-1.996tlO) A)>.

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Preparation of highly reactive metal powders. Preparation, characterization, and chemistry of iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, and platinum microparticles

Cited by 63 publications

References 4 publications

Glymes as versatile solvents for chemical reactions and processes: from the laboratory to industry

Glymes as versatile solvents for chemical reactions and processes: from the laboratory to industry

Catalytic nitrene transfer from an imidoiron(iii) complex to form carbodiimides and isocyanates

Synthesis and structural studies of phenyl(iodo)- and methyl(phenyl)palladium(II) complexes of bidentate nitrogen donor ligands

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