Preparation of High-quality Hematoxylin and Eosin–stained Sections from Rodent Mammary Gland Whole Mounts for Histopathologic Review

Tucker, Deirdre K.; Foley, Julie F.; Hayes-Bouknight, Schantel A.; Fenton, Suzanne E.

doi:10.1177/0192623316660769

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…If histology sections are the only analysis of the mammary gland, longitudinal sections of the mammary gland, free of skin, are highly recommended over transverse cross sections that may include the skin, as they provide much more mammary tissue to evaluate in a single section and may include information from both 4th and 5th inguinal glands. In fact, whole mounts can now be evaluated, digitally documented, and sectioned for histological evaluation as described (Tucker et al in press). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary Gland Evaluation in Juvenile Toxicity Studies

et al. 2016

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There are currently no reports describing mammary gland development in the Harlan Sprague Dawley (HSD) rat, the current strain of choice for National Toxicology Program (NTP) testing. Our goals were to empower the NTP, contract labs and other researchers in understanding and interpretation of chemical effects in this rat strain. To delineate similarities/differences between the female and male mammary gland, data were compiled starting on embryonic day 15.5 through postnatal day 70. Mammary gland whole mounts, histology sections, and immunohistochemically-stained tissues for estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors were evaluated in both sexes; qualitative and quantitative differences are highlighted using a comprehensive visual timeline. Research on endocrine disrupting chemicals in animal models has highlighted chemically-induced mammary gland anomalies which may potentially impact human health. In order to investigate these effects within the HSD strain, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin, diethylstilbestrol or vehicle control was gavage dosed on gestation day 15 and 18 to demonstrate delayed, accelerated and control mammary gland growth in offspring, respectively. We provide illustrations of normal and chemically altered mammary gland development in HSD male and female rats to help inform researchers unfamiliar with the tissue and may facilitate enhanced evaluation of both male and female mammary glands in juvenile toxicity studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary Gland Evaluation in Juvenile Toxicity Studies

et al. 2016

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“…Therefore, all mammary gland whole mounts from these ages were sectioned to observe the cellular environment surrounding the abnormal lesion. A detailed description and a visual tutorial of this method have recently been published ( Tucker et al. 2016 , 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol Analogues on Development and Long-Term Health of the Mammary Gland in Female Mice

Tucker

Bouknight

Brar

et al. 2018

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Continued efforts to phase out bisphenol A (BPA) from consumer products have been met with the challenges of finding safer alternatives.Objectives:This study aimed to determine whether early-life exposure to BPA and its related analogues, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol S (BPS), could affect female pubertal mammary gland development and long-term mammary health in mice.Methods:Timed pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to vehicle, BPA (0.5, 5, 50mg/kg), BPAF (0.05, 0.5, 5mg/kg), or BPS (0.05, 0.5, 5mg/kg) via oral gavage between gestation days 10–17. Mammary glands were collected from resulting female offspring at postnatal day (PND) 20, 28, 35, and 56, and at 3, 8, and 14 months for whole mount, histopathological evaluation, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); serum steroid concentrations were also measured at these time points.Results:In the bisphenol-exposed mice, accelerated mammary gland development was evident during early puberty and persisted into adulthood. By late adulthood, mammary glands from bisphenol-exposed female offspring exhibited adverse morphology in comparison with controls; most prominent were undifferentiated duct ends, significantly more lobuloalveolar hyperplasia and perivascular inflammation, and various tumors, including adenocarcinomas. Effects were especially prominent in the BPAF 5mg/kg and BPS 0.5mg/kg groups. Serum steroid concentrations and mammary mRNA levels of Esr1, Pgr, Ar, and Gper1 were similar to controls.Conclusions:These data demonstrate that prenatal exposure of mice to BPAF or BPS induced precocious development of the mammary gland, and that siblings were significantly more susceptible to spontaneous preneoplastic epithelial lesions and inflammation, with an incidence greater than that observed in vehicle- and BPA-exposed animals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3189

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“…Filgo et al () provides a comprehensive overview describing mammary gland development in the Harlan SD rat, delineating similarities/differences between the female and male mammary gland, through PND 70. High quality rodent mammary gland whole‐mount technique is offered by Tucker et al ().…”

Section: Histomorphologic Evaluation Of Reproductive Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

Laffan

Posobiec

Uhl

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

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The postnatal development of the female reproductive system in laboratory animals and humans is reviewed. To enable a meaningful species comparison of the developing female reproductive system, common definitions of developmental processes were established with a focus made on aspects that are similar across species. A species comparison of the key endocrine, morphologic, and functional (onset of ovarian cycles and ability to reproduce) features of postnatal development of the female reproductive system is provided for human, nonhuman primate, dog, rat, and also mouse, minipig, and rabbit where possible. Species differences in the timing and control of female sexual maturation are highlighted. Additionally, a species comparison of the type and timing of female reproductive ovarian cycles was compiled. Human development provided the frame of reference, and then other common laboratory species were compared. The comparison has inherent challenges because the processes involved and sequence of events can differ greatly across species. Broad strokes were taken to assign a particular average age to an event and are to be used with caution. Methods of evaluation of postnatal female reproductive development in laboratory animals are discussed. Lastly, control rodent data from one of the author's laboratory on vaginal opening, first estrus, estrous cyclicity, and the histopathology involved with the developing female rat and mouse are presented. The information provided in this review is intended to be a resource for the design and interpretation of juvenile animal toxicity testing and ultimately, the relevance of the data to characterize potential risks for women and girls. Birth Defects Research 110:163-189, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Preparation of High-quality Hematoxylin and Eosin–stained Sections from Rodent Mammary Gland Whole Mounts for Histopathologic Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Mammary Gland Evaluation in Juvenile Toxicity Studies

Mammary Gland Evaluation in Juvenile Toxicity Studies

Evaluation of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol Analogues on Development and Long-Term Health of the Mammary Gland in Female Mice

Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

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