Preparation of high pure zinc for electronic applications using selective evaporation under vacuum

Ali, Shahid; Rao, K. Srinivas; Laxman, Chaudhari; Munirathnam, N. R.; Prakash, T. L.

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2011.10.009

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rarefied gas effects quantified here can be used to study jumping of liquid metal nanodroplets for application in latest vacuum distillation technology, [38][39][40] where rarefied gas effects are expected to be pronounced (Kn ∼ 1-10). Here we expect a significant enhancement of the jumping speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular physics of jumping nanodroplets

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, jumping nanodroplets can potentially be used in vacuum distillation technology for purifying and separating metals. [38][39][40] This motivated Liang and Keblinski 28 to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of coalescing argon nanodroplets. They observed droplet jumping for Oh l as large as 0.55 (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular physics of jumping nanodroplets

et al. 2020

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“…For example, tellurium and cadmium can be purified to 99.999% by vacuum distillation. High pure zinc (99.9999%) was prepared through selective vacuum evaporation . Zaitsev et al evaporated copper from the iron melts under vacuum .…”

Section: Principles Of Vmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art of Recycling E-Wastes by Vacuum Metallurgy Separation

Zhan

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In recent era, more and more electric and electronic equipment wastes (e-wastes) are generated that contain both toxic and valuable materials in them. Most studies focus on the extraction of valuable metals like Au, Ag from e-wastes. However, the recycling of metals such as Pb, Cd, Zn, and organics has not attracted enough attentions. Vacuum metallurgy separation (VMS) processes can reduce pollution significantly using vacuum technique. It can effectively recycle heavy metals and organics from e-wastes in an environmentally friendly way, which is beneficial for both preventing the heavy metal contaminations and the sustainable development of resources. VMS can be classified into several methods, such as vacuum evaporation, vacuum carbon reduction and vacuum pyrolysis. This paper respectively reviews the state-of-art of these methods applied to recycling heavy metals and organics from several kinds of e-wastes. The method principle, equipment used, separating process, optimized operating parameters and recycling mechanism of each case are illustrated in details. The perspectives on the further development of e-wastes recycling by VMS are also presented.

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“…Traditional methods for recycling Pb-Sn-Sb alloys can be disadvantageous, as they tend to have a long flowsheet and may cause serious pollution. Vacuum evaporation is recognized as one of the cleanest and efficient technologies for recycling alloy scraps, and it has been shown to achieve positive results [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria of ternary lead-tin-antimony alloy system at 2 Pa

Gao

Kong

et al. 2020

J min metall B Metall

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In this study, the experimental vapor?liquid equilibria data of the ternary Pb?Sn?Sb alloy system are determined using a new experimental method. The experimental VLE data passed the thermodynamic consistency test (Van Ness test), suggesting that the experimental results are reliable. The activities of the components of Pb?Sn?Sb ternary alloy and those of the corresponding three constituent binaries were calculated using the Wilson equation. The predicted values are in good agreement with the data determined from the experiments, and the average relative deviation and average standard deviation were smaller than ? 4.00% and ? 0.03 for all constituent binaries, respectively, which indicates that the Wilson equation is reliable for calculating the activity of the components of the Pb?Sn?Sb ternary alloy. The VLE data of the Pb? Sn and Sb?Sn binary alloys and Pb?Sn?Sb ternary alloy were calculated based on the VLE theory and the Wilson equation. The calculated VLE data were in good agreement with the data determined from the experiments, indicating that this method is reliable for calculating the VLE of alloy systems. The proposed study offers a valid method for analyzing the composition of products that are dependent on the distillation temperature and system pressure during vacuum distillation, which is of great significance to the experimental design of this process.

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Preparation of high pure zinc for electronic applications using selective evaporation under vacuum

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular physics of jumping nanodroplets

Molecular physics of jumping nanodroplets

State-of-the-Art of Recycling E-Wastes by Vacuum Metallurgy Separation

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria of ternary lead-tin-antimony alloy system at 2 Pa

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