Preparation of high internal phase Pickering emulsion gels stabilized by glycyrrhizic acid-zein composite nanoparticles: Gelation mechanism and 3D printing performance

Gastrointestinal pH-Sensitive Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Zein Nanoparticles Coated with Bioactive Glycyrrhizic Acid for Improving Oral Bioaccessibility of Curcumin

“…Sample GA/zein presents a severe aggregation of particles, whereas ZTGs present an obvious spherical structure with a clear boundary between particles. According to Qiu et al, low zein/GA (1:0.2) mass ratios promoted the aggregation of zein nanoparticles due to the charge neutralization and bridging effects. Also, as shown in Figure S6, the aggregation of GA/zein particles leads to its poor emulsification effect.…”

“…Particles from green resources, such as carbohydrates and proteins, have aroused great interest to prepare Pickering emulsions as oral delivery systems. ,− Zein, a natural plant protein from corn endosperm, is approved by the FDA for oral use . Also, due to its amphiphilicity and its excellent capacity for self-assembly, zein has been used to fabricate nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions. − Furthermore, some researchers regarded zein as a responsive monomer to fabricate pH-responsive emulsions, which respond to alkaline conditions (pH 10) due to the deamidation of zein . However, the pH range of the responsive behavior is mismatched in the gastrointestinal environment, which may restrict its further potential use in food and pharmaceuticals.…”

“…Therefore, GA can be tried as a pH-responsive material for the modification of zein particles due to its self-assembly behavior at different pH values, offering the particles different surface properties at different pH values. However, it is technically challenging to functionalize the zein nanoparticles with GA for the reason that the interactions between solid molecules at nanoscale are unpredictably complex, which may lead to uncontrollable aggregation . The modification strategy of zein nanoparticles and GA requires further exploration.…”

“…However, it is technically challenging to functionalize the zein nanoparticles with GA for the reason that the interactions between solid molecules at nanoscale are unpredictably complex, which may lead to uncontrollable aggregation. 13 The modification strategy of zein nanoparticles and GA requires further exploration. Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol from plant gallnut, has been reported to be capable of binding with a variety of biomolecules based on hydrogen bonding through phenol hydroxyl groups, such as proteins, 22−24 polysaccharides, 25,26 and pharmaceutical molecules.…”

Preparation and characterization of emulsion gels stabilized by adequately preprocessed insoluble soybean fiber from okara

“…These results may well be ascribed to the stronger network structure constructed via both the ISF adsorbed at the interface and the residual ISF molecules in the continuous phase. 41 ISF could not only function as a thickener, but might also induce depletion flocculation in the emulsion gels as seen in Fig. 3, which both contributed to the increased viscosity and elastic modulus (G 0 ) of the system.…”