Preparation of hexagonal boron nitride doped graphene film modified sensor for selective electrochemical detection of nicotine in tobacco sample

Selective Electrochemical Sensing of NADH and NAD+ Using Graphene/Tungstate Nanocomposite Modified Electrode

“…In addition, IR spectrum of Gr−W showed few bands at 746 and 850 cm −1 due to W−O‐W stretching vibrations and a broad band at 987 cm −1 correspond to asymmetric vibration of W=O [29] . Some of the additional IR bands at 1076 and 1638 cm −1 were also observed due to C−O and C=O vibrations (Figure 2A) [30] . C−H vibration band was also observed at 2902 cm −1.…”

An electrochemically exfoliated graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of nicotine

“…The calculated LOD was listed with the other reported electrochemical sensors for nicotine in Table S1 (ESI †). 1,4,17,18,74,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] This new sensor showed a lower LOD, high selectivity and wide linear range of detection for nicotine due to the p-p interaction of the PEDOT/ GR with the nicotine. 87 In addition, the higher electro-active surface area of the PEDOT/GR may have provided a 3D porous network with more active sites towards favorable nicotine oxidation.…”

“…Amperometry can be used to prepare calibration graphs because it offers high sensitivity, good reproducibility and a higher limit of detection (LOD). 4 Fig. 9A shows the amperograms recorded with different nicotine concentrations (each addition made after every 60 s) in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7) at an applied potential of +0.91 V. Moreover, the standard deviations (SD) and error bars were estimated by three replicate measurements.…”

“…Nicotine is a toxic metabolite that is present in tobacco leaves, and is a heavily used addictive substance among adults. [1][2][3][4] As stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about half-million Americans die each year due to exposure to secondhand smoke or smoking. 5 Smokers burn tobacco leaves, which causes many problems, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and lung disease, and also negatively affects the human brain.…”

Recent advances in 2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) applied as the basis of electrochemical sensing platforms

“…In a similar vein, β-agonists have been shown to be electroanalytically detected in urine samples using 2D-hBN/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite modified GCE in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid [64]. Other approaches have combined 2D-hBN with graphene for the detection of nicotine applied in real tobacco samples [65] and 2D-hBN with bismuth oxide for the sensing of flutamine applied in environmental samples [66]. In all cases, the synergy of mixing the various components comprising the nanocomposite is attributed to the beneficial electrochemical response.…”