Preparation of Hemoglobin Solutions for Intravenous Infusion

Abstract

The infusion of hemoglobin solutions to replace lost blood has been tested in experiments on both animals (2-15) and man (4,(16)(17)(18)(19). Beneficial results have been obtained in restoring the volume of circulating blood, in carrying oxygen to the tissues (3), and in supplying iron for regeneration of erythrocytes and nitrogen for regeneration of blood and tissue proteins (12). For infusions hemoglobin solutions have advantages over whole blood in that the former do not need to be typed and cross-matched, and that longer preservation is possible. However, in both patients and'~mlmMs, some of the infusions have been followed by unfavorable results, particularly on the kidneys. It has appeared uncertain whether these effects have been due to injury by the hemoglobin itself, caused during its rather rapid excretion through the kidneys, to admiTture of methemoglobin with the active hemoglobin (hemoglobin capable of reversible combination with oxygen), to the presence of cell stroma material in the hemoglobin solutions used, or to bacterial contamination or products.The present work was undertaken to provide a method whereby large volumes of hemoglobin solution could be prepared in a sterile state, free from stroma material, of electrolyte content approximating that of plasma, and capable of preservation without change of the active hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Analytical Methods and TestsThe carbon monoxide-blnding capacity of the hemoglobin solutions was determined by a modification of the method of Van Slyke and Hiller (20) described by Van Slyke, Hiller,

The Effect of Hemoglobin on Renal Function in the Human

“…The mean per cent of filtrate unresorbed by the tubules decreased from a control value of 5.2 per cent to 2.5 per cent during the first postinjection period, and as was the case with hemolyzed blood, tubular reabsorption of filtrate during period 8 was no longer significantly elevated from control levels (Table III). (11,12,20). Although the agent effective in producing the alterations in renal function observed in the present study has not been clearly identified, it seems most likely that either hemoglobin per se or some product of its intravascular catabolism was responsible.…”

Oxygen Carriers (“Blood Substitutes”)Raison d'Etre, Chemistry, and Some PhysiologyBlut ist ein ganz besondrer Saft

“…a. Fluosol and Related Emulsions. Data from hemodilution or shock models have established that Fluosol could effectively increase O 2 consumption, prevent tissue hypoxia, and improve survival of the treated animals. − For example, O 2 -breathing baboons, exchange-perfused with Fluosol to Hct 1%, all survived in the virtual absence of RBCs . Pv̄O 2 increased significantly, and O 2 consumption was maintained despite decreased total arterial O 2 content and delivery.…”

Hemoglobin II immunogenic properties of stroma vs. stroma‐free hemoglobin solution

“…The term "stroma-free hemoglobin solution" used in the course of this investigation refers to a solution of hemoglobin prepared according to a modification of Hamilton et al (1947). This solution prepared from outdated red cells was adjusted to a pH of 7.2 and had the ionic and osmolar characteristics of plasma after suitable treatment.…”