Preparation of graphene nano-sheets from graphite flakes via milling-ultrasonication promoted process

Thamer, Shahad; Al-Tamimi, Basma H.; Farid, Saad B. H.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.09.192

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In fact, previous studies showed that the appropriate ball milling parameters are in favor of the graphene exfoliation from graphite. [ 24 ] The HRTEM image in Figure 2b shows that the interlayer space of GNPs is ≈0.34 nm, which is consistent with the results reported in a previous study. [ 9 ] However, as the ball milling time was increased to 15 h, the layered structure morphology of GNPs was severely destroyed, and these GNPs were found to embed inside the TC4 particles (Figure 2c).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Controlled Interfacial Reactions and Superior Mechanical Properties of High Energy Ball Milled/Spark Plasma Sintered Ti–6Al–4V–Graphene Composite

et al. 2021

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Ball milling process has become one of the effective methods for dispersing graphene nanoplates (GNPs) uniformly into matrix; however, there are often serious issues of structural integrity and interfacial reactions of GNPs with matrix. Herein, GNPs/Ti‐6Al‐4V (GNPs/TC4) composites are synthesized using high energy ball milling (HEBM) and spark plasma sintering. Effects of ball milling on microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions of GNPs/TC4 composite powders during HEBM are investigated. As ball milling time increase, particles size of TC4 is first increased (e.g., ≈104.15 μm, 5 h), but then decreased to ≈1.5 μm (15 h), which is much smaller than that of original TC4 powders (≈86.8 μm). TiC phases are in situ formed on the surfaces of TC4 particles when ball milling time is 10Thinsp;h. GNPs/TC4 composites exhibit 36–103% increase in compressive yield strength and 57–78% increase in hardness than those of TC4 alloy, whereas the ductility is reduced from 28% to 7% with an increase of ball milling time (from 2 to 15 h). A good balance between high strength (1.9 GPa) and ductility (17%) of GNPs/TC4 composites is achieved when the ball milling time is 10 h, attributing to the synergistic effects of grain refinement strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and load transfer strengthening from GNPs and in situ formed TiC.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Controlled Interfacial Reactions and Superior Mechanical Properties of High Energy Ball Milled/Spark Plasma Sintered Ti–6Al–4V–Graphene Composite

et al. 2021

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“…The higher intensities of D and G bands have been observed for Fe−Ni@SC compared with SC. The intensity of the G band (IG) of serpent carbon (∼1572.9 cm −1 ) was higher than that of Fe−Ni@SC (∼1563.9 cm −1 ) because of the low layering of carbon, and the calculated ID/IG ratios were 0.85 for SC and 1.17 for Fe−Ni@SC [41,42] . The higher ID/IG ratio of Fe−Ni@SC (1.17) than that of SC (0.85).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The D line was produced by sp 2 hybridised carbon and the physical characteristics of amorphous carbon relies on the proportion of two different types of CÀ C and CÀ C bonds (sp3/sp2 carbon phase). [41] The higher intensities of D and G bands have been observed for FeÀ Ni@SC compared with SC. The intensity of the G band (IG) of serpent carbon (∼ 1572.9 cm À 1 ) was higher than that of FeÀ Ni@SC (∼ 1563.9 cm À 1 ) because of the low layering of carbon, and the calculated ID/IG ratios were 0.85 for SC and 1.17 for FeÀ Ni@SC.…”

Section: Chemistryselectmentioning

confidence: 91%

Preparation and Electrochemical Characterisation of an Iron‐Nickel‐Doped Sucrose‐Derived Carbon Material for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2023

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The development of non-precious metals electrocatalysts for renewable energy and hydrogen production has been gaining increased attention. Serpent carbon grown from a costeffective combustion process having large pores is employed as a substrate for metal doping (FeÀ Ni@SC) by a simple solvothermal method. In an alkaline medium, FeÀ Ni@SC/GC split water at 1.52 V, and the Tafel slope of 63 mV dec À 1 (FeÀ Ni@SC) was found to be lower than IrO 2 (92 mV dec À 1 ). In a three-electrode system, FeÀ Ni@SC/NF splits water at 1.48 V and exhibits a small overpotential of 252 mV at 10 mA cm À 2 that is stable for 150 h with a potential loss of 4.2 %. Excellent OER performances have been displayed by the robust FeÀ Ni@SC catalyst, which has sufficient kinetics to address the sluggish water oxidation. The fragmented plates morphology of FeÀ Ni@SC was useful for the transportation of ions and reduced traffic congestion during the electrochemical process. The solar water electrolyser splits water at 1.55 V, which illustrates the effectiveness of an optimised electrocatalyst for the conversion of solar energy to hydrogen production. Hence, FeÀ Ni@SC can be utilised to generate huge amount of hydrogen at low cost.

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“…CVD is a process that takes gaseous alkane substances as carbon sources to deposit solid substances on the surface of metal or nonmetal solid substrates under high temperatures and produces solid products after removing the substrate . High-quality graphene can be produced by CVD in large quantities, which is an efficient method for the preparation of graphene . However, the reaction conditions of this method such as the carbon source, reaction temperature, matrix materials, and ventilation rate are harsh, and the process is expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 High-quality graphene can be produced by CVD in large quantities, 7 which is an efficient method for the preparation of graphene. 8 However, the reaction conditions of this method such as the carbon source, reaction temperature, matrix materials, and ventilation rate are harsh, and the process is expensive. Moreover, in the redox method, 9 the graphite is treated by a strong oxidizer and strong acid, the oxygencontaining groups are introduced into the graphene sheets to bond with the π electron cloud, the π electron cloud of the graphite is damaged, the spacing between the layers is increased, and the hydrophilic graphite oxide is formed.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corn Flour Nano-Graphene Prepared by the Hummers Redox Method

2020

ACS Omega

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In view of the current high cost of graphene, the corn flour with rich sources was selected as the raw material to prepare nano-graphene by the hydrazine hydrate (Hummers) redox method. The elements, structure, and morphology of the obtained corn graphene (CG) were studied by the organic element analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the carbon content of CG was increased by 37.8% from 57.4% (corn flour) to 95.2% (CG). There was a diffraction peak of graphene on the (002) crystal surface at 23.08°. The D and G peaks of the Raman test were present, and the I D/I G of the peak intensity ratio was 1.19. The lattice distance of the CG sample was larger than that of the commercial graphene (GE), the CG was about three layers with a layer spacing of 1.21 nm, and the CG was thinner than the GE, which proved that the obtained CG was the nano-graphene.

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Preparation of graphene nano-sheets from graphite flakes via milling-ultrasonication promoted process

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Controlled Interfacial Reactions and Superior Mechanical Properties of High Energy Ball Milled/Spark Plasma Sintered Ti–6Al–4V–Graphene Composite

Controlled Interfacial Reactions and Superior Mechanical Properties of High Energy Ball Milled/Spark Plasma Sintered Ti–6Al–4V–Graphene Composite

Preparation and Electrochemical Characterisation of an Iron‐Nickel‐Doped Sucrose‐Derived Carbon Material for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Corn Flour Nano-Graphene Prepared by the Hummers Redox Method

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