Preparation of graphene by a low-temperature thermal reduction at atmosphere pressure

Abstract

It is still a challenge to prepare graphene from graphene oxide (GO) under a mild thermal reduction. Here we report that GO can even be reduced at a low temperature (below 150 degrees C) at atmospheric pressure in a mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and water (10 : 3, v/v) under the protection of nitrogen gas. FT-IR, XRD, XPS, Raman, and AFM studies confirmed the thermal reduction of GO and the formation of graphene. The as-prepared graphene can be fully dispersed in pure DMAc to form an organic suspension, and the suspension is stable for at least two months at room temperature.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis of Lowtemperature Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide

“…Usually, for dry GO, a considerable mass loss will occur near 200℃ accompanied by releasing of CO 2 , CO, and H 2 O due to the deoxygenation of oxygen functional groups [7]. Recently, it has been found that the deoxygenation temperature can be decreased to 150℃ at atmospheric pressure when GO is dispersed in propylene carbonate [8] as well as in a mixture of water and organic solvents [9]. Meanwhile, other novel low-temperature thermal-related reduction methods have also been developed, such as flash re-duction [10,11], laser reduction [12], and hydrothermal and/or solvothermal reduction [13,14].…”

Thiourea Dioxide as a Green Reductant for the Mass Production of Solution-Based Graphene

“…Chemical reduction was commonly used and this was achieved with hydrazine and/or its derivatives [6][7][8][9][10][11] , hydroquinone 12 , NaBH 4 13-16 , sodium hydrosulfite 17 , L-ascorbic acid [18][19][20] , amino acid 20 , carrot root 21 , pyrrole 22 , and thiourea 23 as the typical reductants. The so-called thermal reduction 24 , microwave irradiation reduction 25 , and electrochemical reduction 26 were also applied to this procedure. Hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate have been used extensively due to their strong reducing capabilities, however, C-N groups were incorporated during the reduction reaction and remained in the resulting graphene, lowering the quality of the product.…”

To immobilize polyethylene glycol-borate ester/lithium fluoride in graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) for synthesizing new polymer electrolyte membrane of lithium-ion batteries

“…The σ increased with T at first, and then decreased. The transition position of T was around 70°C, where corresponded to the T g range of PVA component (Figure 3a) and also the gradual thermal reduction of GO [35]. So the fitting T range of Arrhenius equation for GO content >0.5 wt% was chosen below the T g .…”