Preparation of Glycoconjugate Vaccines

Zou, Wei; Jennings, Harold J.

doi:10.1002/9780470473283.ch2

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…One of the most commonly used chemistry strategies for conjugation is the use of NaIO 4 oxidation, which generates aldehydes from cis-diols. These chemical groups can be either directly linked to the ε-amine of the protein lysine residues (via reductive amination), or further derivatized before linkage to the protein [31][32][33][34]. CDAP (1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate) chemistry is also used to randomly activate hydroxyl groups of polysaccharides, for subsequent condensation with the amines of the protein [35].…”

Section: Recent Advances In Classic Approaches To Glycoconjugate Vaccine Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugate vaccines: current approaches towards faster vaccine design

Micoli¹,

Bino²,

Alfini³

et al. 2019

Expert Review of Vaccines

101

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Introduction: Over the last decades, glycoconjugate vaccines have been proven to be a successful strategy to prevent infectious diseases. Many diseases remain to be controlled, especially in developing countries, and emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria present an alarming public-health threat. The increasing complexity of future vaccines, and the need to accelerate development processes have triggered the development of faster approaches to glycoconjugate vaccines design.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of recent progress in glycoconjugation technologies toward faster vaccine design. Expert opinion: Among the different emerging approaches, glycoengineering has the potential to combine glycan assembly and conjugation to carrier systems (such as proteins or outer membrane vesicles) in one step, resulting in a simplified manufacturing process and fewer analytical controls. Chemical and enzymatic strategies, and their automation can facilitate glycoepitope identification for vaccine design. Other approaches, such as the liposomal encapsulation of polysaccharides, potentially enable fast and easy combination of numerous antigens in the same formulation. Additional progress is envisaged in the near future, and some of these systems still need to be further validated in humans. In parallel, new strategies are needed to accelerate the vaccine development process, including the associated clinical trials, up to vaccine release onto the market.

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Section: Recent Advances In Classic Approaches To Glycoconjugate Vaccine Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugate vaccines: current approaches towards faster vaccine design

Micoli¹,

Bino²,

Alfini³

et al. 2019

Expert Review of Vaccines

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1986 ; Marburg et al. 1986 ; Zou and Jennings 2009 ; CDC 2016 ). Alternatively, the polysaccharides can be fragmented, for example, by acid treatment, and subsequently sized, by means of chromatography or ultrafiltration, to obtain more defined oligosaccharide populations for protein conjugation (Costantino et al.…”

Section: Approaches For Production Of Glycoconjugate Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential targets for next generation antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines

Micoli¹,

Costantino

Adamo

2018

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

139

109

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Cell surface carbohydrates have been proven optimal targets for vaccine development. Conjugation of polysaccharides to a carrier protein triggers a T-cell-dependent immune response to the glycan moiety. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by chemical conjugation of capsular polysaccharides to prevent meningitis caused by meningococcus, pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, other classes of carbohydrates (O-antigens, exopolysaccharides, wall/teichoic acids) represent attractive targets for developing vaccines. Recent analysis from WHO/CHO underpins alarming concern toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and additional pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Group A Streptococcus. Fungal infections are also becoming increasingly invasive for immunocompromised patients or hospitalized individuals. Other emergencies could derive from bacteria which spread during environmental calamities (Vibrio cholerae) or with potential as bioterrorism weapons (Burkholderia pseudomallei and mallei, Francisella tularensis). Vaccination could aid reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and provide protection by herd immunity also to individuals who are not vaccinated.This review analyzes structural and functional differences of the polysaccharides exposed on the surface of emerging pathogenic bacteria, combined with medical need and technological feasibility of corresponding glycoconjugate vaccines.

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“…The more recent contributions from glycoconjugate vaccines have been impressive, with rapid impact on diseases caused by a number of encapsulated bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, and meningococcus. Many additional pathogen targets are also under active investigation (1–7), while the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance might prompt the need to develop vaccines for diseases treated so far by therapeutic antibiotics. The impressive track record of safety and efficacy of the many licensed prophylactic products might lead us to assume that glycoconjugate vaccine design is fundamentally understood.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%