Preparation of gels of chitosan through a hydrothermal reaction in the presence of malonic acid and cinnamaldehyde: characterization and antibacterial activity

Abstract

The preparation of composite gel through the hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of chitosan (CH), malonic acid (MLA), urea (UR) and cinnamaldehyde (CA), all of which are sustainable materials, is...

Release and co-release of model hydrophobic and hydrophilic actives from 3D printed kappa-carrageenan emulsion gels

“…Cinnamaldehyde has a log P of 1.82, meaning that it has very limited water solubility, but retains enough to be able to track the release over time from a lipophilic environment to a hydrophilic one (Ben Arfa, Preziosi-Belloy, Chalier, & Gontard, 2007). Cinnamaldehyde has been utilised in release studies before, and is an optimal model lipophile owing to its ability to partition from an oil phase into a water phase, pleasant aroma and safety profile, being generally recognised as safe by the food and drug administration (Govindaraj, Subramanian, & Raghavachari, 2021). Erioglaucine disodium salt (EDS) is a water-soluble dye that once dissolved gives a blue colour and is often used in release studies as a model hydrophilic molecule (Andrews, et al, 2009;Jeong, et al, 2021;Lu, Tarn, Pamme, & Georgiou, 2018).…”

Hydrothermal Treatment of Biomass Feedstocks for Sustainable Production of Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: Progress and Perspectives

“…The excellent physicochemical properties of hydrogel showed a potential application as biodegradable packaging and scaffold materials . Notably, a brown coloration was usually observed in the hydrothermal gelation processes, ascribed to the caramelization reactions under elevated temperature and residence time. ,− When mixing glucose and chitin under HTC conditions (180 °C, 4 h), the brown color intensity of hydrogel increased with increasing glucose concentration in mixtures . The decomposed product of glucose, HMF, promoted the polymerization-condensation–dehydration cascade to generate the brownish carbonaceous materials …”