Preparation of food grade carboxymethyl cellulose from corn husk agrowaste

Mondal, Md. Ibrahim H.; Yeasmin, Mst. Sarmina; Rahman, Md Saifur

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.061

Cited by 184 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In general, the high WRC for COMM2 implied that this type of CMC was highly hydrophilic. This may have been due to the etherification process when there were more carboxymethyl groups, which is when the hydrophillic substituted the hydroxyl groups (Mondal et al 2015). The values of L*, a*, and b* for each type of CMC powder are tabulated in Table 3.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Synthesized Na-cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

et al. 2017

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The current extraction of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from wood has created competition with wood industries. Interest in alternative sources is critical to ensure the sustainable production of CMC. Therefore, the extraction of CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) stalk fibres was evaluated. CMC extracted from OPEFB stalk fibres was characterized for chemical composition as well as by spectroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, and rheological tests. Highest cellulose content was obtained from raw stalk fibres with the least amount of lignin and residual oil as compared to the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and spikelet. The XRD analysis revealed that the native cellulose was transformed into an amorphous phase, as evidenced from the characteristic peaks that had almost disappeared. Likewise, the FTIR analysis showed that major peaks in the lignin and hemicellulose were absent, which enabled the cellulose to be converted to CMC. Microscopy analysis showed notable changes in the fibres' morphology throughout the extraction process. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physicochemical studies, and rheological tests on extracted CMC showed that there was a significant difference between each phase of the extraction process and this showed that OPEFB stalk fibre was feasible to produce CMC that was comparable to those of commercial CMC. Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB); Stalk fibreContact information: Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; * Corresponding author: nuraliaa@upm.edu.my INTRODUCTIONPalm oil mills produce a few types of solid wastes, one of which is called oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). During the threshing process, the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are rolled and threshed in rotating steel drums to separate the fruits from the stalks, and this process generates the empty fruit bunches (EFB). Attempts to transform OPEFB into valueadded products have gained wide attention because it is one of the most produced biomasses that come from oil palm refineries. The lignocellulosic composition in the dry OPEFB was 19% to 21% for lignin, 22% to 25% for hemicellulose, and 40% to 43% for cellulose (Razali et al. 2017).The two main parts of OPEFB are the stalk and spikelet, where Xiang et al. (2016) reported that the raw stalk fibre yielded the highest cellulose content and had the lowest lignin content. Likewise, the raw stalk fibre contains the lowest residual oil content when compared to the EFB and spikelets (Yunos et al. 2015;Xiang et al. 2016). The supplemental pre-treatment step during the extraction of cellulose and its derivatives is PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Parid et al. (2018). "Synthesis of CMC," BioResources 13(1), 535-554. 536 required to remove the residual oil present in oil palm fibres because it can influence the cellulose derivatives production (Fahma et al. 2010). Fu...

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Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Synthesized Na-cmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

et al. 2017

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“…Corn husk, which is the thin cellulose-rich leafy sheath that covers corn cobs, can be obtained from this processing as a renewable, low-cost, and abundant lignocellulosic waste material. With the increasing concern for waste material's appreciation, corn husk recently has been used for preparing starch or for extracting carboxymethyl cellulose (Mondal et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by TEMPO Oxidation of Corn Husk

Du¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…Many researchers reported the synthesis of CMC from cellulosic materials including sugar beet (Togrul & Arslan, 2003), banana pseudo stem (Adinugraha, Djagal W., & Haryadi;, flax short fibers (Kutsenko, Bochek, Vlasova, & Volchek, 2005), sago waste (Pushpamalar, Langford, Ahmad, & Lim, 2006), paper sludge (He, Wu, Fua, & Nia, 2009), cotton stalk (GenLin; Zhang, Zhang, Deng, & Sun, 2011), corn (Kumar Singh & Kumar Singh, 2012, bamboo shaving (Chen & Lou, 2014), water hyacinth (Saputra, Qadhayna, & Pitaloka, 2014), office waste paper (Joshi et al, 2015) and corn husk (Mondal, Yeasmin, & Rahman, 2015). Conventional synthesis of CMC is time consuming reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic mediated production of carboxymethyl cellulose: Optimization of conditions using response surface methodology

Hivechi

Bahrami

Arami

et al. 2015

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Preparation of food grade carboxymethyl cellulose from corn husk agrowaste

Cited by 184 publications

References 23 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

Characteristics and Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by TEMPO Oxidation of Corn Husk

Ultrasonic mediated production of carboxymethyl cellulose: Optimization of conditions using response surface methodology

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