Preparation of F-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts by Gas–Liquid Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

Zhang, Xiuling; Li, Zhuang; Zhan, Zhibin; Di, Lanbo

doi:10.1007/s11244-017-0763-7

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…11 In most cases, the source of a doping agent is a chemical substance (salt or acid) dissolved in water or ionic liquid. [12][13][14][15][16] It can lead to the formation of amorphous products. 15 In our previous work, we successfully doped TiO 2 with various metals under underwater plasma conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mo‐doped TiO₂ using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

Khlyustova

Sirotkin

Краев

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND The presented work focuses on the comparison of sorption and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 doped with molybdenum using different methods of Mo loading. The structural and photocatalytic characteristics of doped TiO2 are determined by the method of synthesis and loading of the dopant element. As an alternative to simple wet chemical loading, three types of low‐temperature plasma in contact with liquid are considered: atmospheric pressure glow discharge, underwater diaphragm discharge, and underwater plasma. RESULTS The results show that the introduction of Mo, regardless of the doping method, leads to a decrease in the band gap. The surface characteristics of powders depend on the doping method. The sorption capacity increases two to three times, and the efficiency of photodestruction increases from 52% to 96% when exposed to visible light for 60 min. CONCLUSIONS A comparison of the sorption and photocatalytic activity of Mo‐doped TiO2 showed the inexpediency of using a glow discharge for doping. The synthesis of a highly efficient sorbent or photocatalyst can be determined by the type of underwater plasma. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using plasma in the liquid phase for doping TiO 2 is a facile and one‐step method 11 . In most cases, the source of a doping agent is a chemical substance (salt or acid) dissolved in water or ionic liquid 12–16 . It can lead to the formation of amorphous products 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mo‐doped TiO₂ using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

Khlyustova

Sirotkin

Краев

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Until now, the primary challenge has been to generate charge carriers using visible light rather than UV radiation. Different methodologies have been used to modify the TiO 2 absorption properties, such as doping with transition metals [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] or main group elements [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and synthesize composites like ZrO 2 /TiO 2 , reducing the recombination of charge carriers by aligning the energy gaps [25,26]. Charge carriers act as oxidation and reduction centers, which enable the creation of reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals, peroxides, or acid compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-, N-, S-, and F-Doped Anatase TiO₂ (101) with Oxygen Vacancies: Photocatalysts Active in the Visible Region

González-Torres

Poulain

Domínguez-Soria

et al. 2018

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Anatase TiO2 presents a large bandgap of 3.2 eV, which inhibits the use of visible light radiation (λ > 387 nm) for generating charge carriers. We studied the activation of TiO2 (101) anatase with visible light by doping with C, N, S, and F atoms. For this purpose, density functional theory and the Hubbard U approach are used. We identify two ways for activating the TiO2 with visible light. The first mechanism is broadening the valence or conduction band; for example, in the S-doped TiO2 (101) system, the valence band is broadened. A similar process can occur in the conduction band when the undercoordinated Ti atoms are exposed on the TiO2 (101) surface. The second mechanism, and more efficient for activating the anatase, is to generate localized states in the gap: N-doping creates localized empty states in the bandgap. For C-doping, the surface TiO2 (101) presents a “cleaner” gap than the bulk TiO2, resulting in fewer recombination centers. The dopant valence electrons determine the number and position of the localized states in the bandgap. The formation of charge carriers with visible light is highly favored by the oxygen vacancies on TiO2 (101). The catalytic activity of C-doping using visible radiation can be explained by its high absorption intensity generated by oxygen vacancies on the surface. The intensity of the visible absorption spectrum of doped TiO2 (101) follows the order: C > N > F > S dopant.

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“…To overcome these problems, several studies have been conducted to modify TiO 2 by doping it with metals and nonmetals. Recently, various works have found that doping of TiO 2 with nonmetals such as carbon (C), iodine (I), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), and boron (B) enhances the photocatalytic degradation reaction under visible light compared to metals because their impurity states lie close to the valence band edge . Also, nonmetal doping can introduce the defect states, allowing electronic transitions in the visible region and reducing the recombination rate of electrons and holes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur and its Photocatalytic Appraisal for Degradation of Phenol and Methylene Blue

Syafiuddin

Hadibarata

Zon

et al. 2017

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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The degradation of organic dyes in the presence of modified TiO2 is still under intensive investigation. We report here an evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of nitrogen‐ (N‐) and sulfur‐ (S‐) doped TiO2 for the degradation of phenol and methylene blue (MB). N‐doped TiO2 (N–TiO2), S‐doped TiO2 (S–TiO2), and N–S‐doped TiO2 (N–S–TiO2) were prepared using the sol–gel method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated in a batch reactor using phenol and MB as models of pollutants. In addition, this investigation was performed using a household lamp as the visible light source. Properties of the synthesized materials in terms of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photocatalytic ability were examined. Our study shows that N–S–TiO2 exhibits better photocatalytic degradation ability for all the considered dyes compared to the other doped TiO2 materials. In conclusion, we have successfully prepared and evaluated the photocatalytic activity of N‐ and S‐doped TiO2 for the degradation of phenol and MB using an ordinary household lamp.

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Preparation of F-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts by Gas–Liquid Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Mo‐doped TiO₂ using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

Mo‐doped TiO₂ using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

C-, N-, S-, and F-Doped Anatase TiO₂ (101) with Oxygen Vacancies: Photocatalysts Active in the Visible Region

Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur and its Photocatalytic Appraisal for Degradation of Phenol and Methylene Blue

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Preparation of F-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts by Gas–Liquid Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Mo‐doped TiO2 using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

Mo‐doped TiO2 using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

C-, N-, S-, and F-Doped Anatase TiO2 (101) with Oxygen Vacancies: Photocatalysts Active in the Visible Region

Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur and its Photocatalytic Appraisal for Degradation of Phenol and Methylene Blue

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Mo‐doped TiO₂ using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

Mo‐doped TiO₂ using plasma in contact with liquids: advantages and limitations

C-, N-, S-, and F-Doped Anatase TiO₂ (101) with Oxygen Vacancies: Photocatalysts Active in the Visible Region