“…This assumption is supported by the fact that the yield was drastically increased by introduction of air bubbles into the precursor solution. Since dissolution of SnF 2 decreased pH of the solutions, SnF 2 is presumed to be transformed into SnO 3 2through oxidation by oxygen in water as expressed by eq 1, Usually, Sn(OH) 4 is immediately produced from SnO 3 2in acidic water as expressed by eq 2, 25 Here, we directly obtained crystalline SnO 2 instead of Sn(OH) 4 from SnO 3 2in the acidic solutions, whereas the precipitated grains were accompanied with an amorphous phase and water. Rapid precipitation of amorphous Sn(OH) 4 was observed when an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, was added into the precursor solution.…”