Preparation of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin films by sequential evaporation and annealing in sulfur atmosphere

Structural, Electronic, and Optical Features of CuAl(S1–xSex)2 Solar Cell Materials

“…The I–III–VI 2 ternary semiconductors with the chalcopyrite structure (e.g., CuGaS 2 , CuInS 2 , etc. ) , have been shown to be very suitable materials for solar panels, since they can be grown as thin films, − which efficiently increases the surface exposed to sunlight. Moreover, the Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 (CIGS)-based solar elements already challenge the dominance of traditional silicon solar panels .…”

Study of Bandgap Energies of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films Grown by a Sequential Evaporation Method Using Piezoelectric Photothermal Spectroscopy

“…The CIGS thin film samples were prepared by the sequential evaporation method as follows. 7,8) A Mo layer used as a back contact was prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering onto a soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate in Ar ambient. Before fabrication of CIGS thin films, the Mo/SLG substrate was heated in vacuum for 5 min at 500 C. After cooling down to 200 C, in the first step, a Cu-In-Ga-Se layer was evaporated from CuInSe 2 and CuGaSe 2 compounds onto the Mo/SLG substrate.…”

“…6) On the other hand, we proposed a new process using a vacuum deposition apparatus with three evaporation boats, which was the sequential evaporation technology from CuGaSe 2 and CuInSe 2 ternary compounds. 7,8) The proposed process has advantages of being able to easily control the Ga=ðGa þ InÞ mole ratio in CIGS thin films by changing the amount of CuGaSe 2 and CuInSe 2 evaporating materials in the first step. This enables us to obtain inexpensive equipment for preparation of the absorbing layer.…”

Sol–gel assisted preparation and characterization of silver indium diselenide powders

“…Various physical and chemical deposition techniques have been developed to prepare the chalcopyrite compounds used in thin-film solar cells, such as the flash evaporation process [8], the thermal evaporation [9], the electron-beam method [10], the sputter deposition [11], and the pulsed laser deposition [12]. The high cost for the vacuum system and intricate processes restrain the popularity of thin-film solar cells.…”