Preparation of cobalt oxide from concentrated cathode material of spent lithium ion batteries by hydrometallurgical method

Kang, Jingu; Sohn, Jeong-Soo; Chang, Hyunju; Senanayake, Gamini; Shin, Shun Myung

doi:10.1016/j.apt.2009.10.015

Cited by 112 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Mais de 60% do mercado da energia potátil é hoje preenchido por baterias de íon-lítio. [3][4][5][6] Suas características o colocam na dianteira do desenvolvimento de veículos híbridos e elétricos. [6][7][8] Essas baterias apresentam em sua composição um ânodo, um cátodo, coletores de corrente, um separador, um eletrólito, um invó-lucro externo e peças de vedação.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Lixiviação Ácida De Baterias Íon-Lítio

Silva¹,

Afonso²,

Mahler³

2018

Quim. Nova

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publicado na web em 22/02/2018 ACIDIC LEACHING OF Li-ION BATTERIES. This paper describes a route for recovering cobalt and lithium from spent Li-ion batteries via acidic leaching. Sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and formic acids were used as leachants. Hydrogen peroxide was added as reductant, except for formic acid since it is itself a reductant. Experiments were run at [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] o C for 1-3 h. Under the best optimal conditions, the leaching efficiency order was HCl ≈ HF > H 2 SO 4 > HCOOH. Over 90 wt.% of cobalt and lithium were leached by the inorganic acids. The insoluble matter corresponds mainly to the carbon from the cathode. Co(II) was extracted with D2EHPA 16 vol.% diluted in n-hexane at pH ~5 (A/O ratio 1/1 vol/vol, one stage, 25 °C). Co(II) striping was possible using a dilute leachant (1-2 mol L -1 HCl or H 2 SO 4 , 4-5 mol L -1 HF or HCOOH). Lithium was isolated from the raffinate by precipitation as carbonate or phosphate.Keywords: lithium-ion battery; metals recovery; solvent extraction; cobalt; lithium. INTRODUÇÃOAs baterias de íon-lítio por apresentarem uma elevada densidade de energia, vida útil longa, massa reduzida, taxa de descarga baixa e menor toxicidade em relação a outros tipos de baterias (níquel-cád-mio, níquel hidreto metálico), são hoje muito utilizadas em telefones celulares, câmeras fotográficas e outros equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (EEE) portáteis.1,2 O desenvolvimento de novas versões tecnológicas desses equipamentos e a maior facilidade de acesso dos mesmos a mais camadas da população levam a uma inevitável elevação da produção e do consumo de EEE e, consequentemente, de suas baterias. Mais de 60% do mercado da energia potátil é hoje preenchido por baterias de íon-lítio.3-6 Suas características o colocam na dianteira do desenvolvimento de veículos híbridos e elétricos. [6][7][8] Essas baterias apresentam em sua composição um ânodo, um cátodo, coletores de corrente, um separador, um eletrólito, um invó-lucro externo e peças de vedação. O ânodo é composto de grafite, lítio, carbono e fluoreto de polivinilideno (PVDF), que fixa os demais componentes ao coletor de corrente, que é uma lâmina de cobre; o eletrólito é tipicamente hexafluorfosfato de lítio (LiPF 6 ) em solvente orgânico, normalmente carbonato de etileno (CE), carbonato de dietila (DEC), carbonato de dimetila (DMC) ou misturas deles. O separador é feito de polipropileno (PP) ou polietileno (PE). O cátodo é feito de carbono (grafita), um óxido misto contendo lítio e cobalto (como o LiCoO 2 , que detém ~40% do mercado 6 ) e PVDF, que fixa os componentes ao coletor de corrente do cátodo, que é uma lâmina de alumínio. Hoje, cerca de 25% do cobalto produzido no mundo se destina à manufatura de baterias.8 A expansão do mercado de EEE portáteis pressiona o preço desse metal nos mercados internacionais. 9,10Além disso, devido a problemas relacionados à disponibilidade de cobalto (as principais fontes primárias se localizam em regiões de forte instabilidade geopolítica...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Lixiviação Ácida De Baterias Íon-Lítio

Silva¹,

Afonso²,

Mahler³

2018

Quim. Nova

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“…It is expected that the high melting point of Li 2 CO 3 and oxygen-rich environment facilitates the oxidation of Co, hence producing Co 3 O 4 . Other hydrometallurgical recovery processes resulting in CoSO 4 or Co-oxalate require a two-step process to produce LiCoO 2 , involving the oxidation of cobalt sulfate and lithiation of cobalt oxide [20]. In contrast, our process is beneficial, as it produces LiCoO 2 using a single-step reaction with LiOH.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Licoo 2 Powder From Co-oxalatementioning

confidence: 98%

High-Yield One-Pot Recovery and Characterization of Nanostructured Cobalt Oxalate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries and Successive Re-Synthesis of LiCoO2

Park

Lim

Moon

et al. 2017

Metals

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A complete recycling process for the cathode material of spent lithium-ion batteries is demonstrated with a simple two-step process comprised of one-pot cobalt recovery to nanostructured materials and single step synthesis of LiCoO 2 . For the facile and efficient recovery of cobalt, we employ malic acid as a leaching agent and oxalic acid as a precipitating agent, resulting in nanostructured cobalt oxalate. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis clearly show that cobalt species are simultaneously leached and precipitated as cobalt oxalate with a high yield of 99.28%, and this material can then be used as a reactant for the synthesis of LiCoO 2 for use as a cathode material. In addition to its advantages in simplifying the process, the proposed method allows for not only enhancing the efficiency of cobalt recovery, but also enabling reaction without a reducing agent, H 2 O 2 . Through successive single-step reaction of the obtained cobalt oxalate without any purification process, LiCoO 2 is also successfully synthesized. The effect of the annealing temperature during synthesis on the nanostructure and charge-discharge properties is also investigated. Half-cell tests with recycled LiCoO 2 exhibit a high discharge capacity (131 mA·h·g −1 ) and 93% charge-discharge efficiency.

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“…Instead of DL-malic acid with H 2 O 2 , both Co and Li were effectively recovered using citric acid and H 2 O 2 (Li et al, 2010b). Kang et al (2010a) leached cobalt-containing powder from LiBs with H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 to recover cobalt sulfate, while addition of oxalic acid to the filtrate from another powder produced crystalline cobalt oxalate, which was then heated to produce Co 3 O 4 ( Kang et al, 2010b). Zhang et al (1998) recovered Co and Li using HCl solution.…”

Section: Hydrometallurgical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Recycling Technologies: Recycling Waste Lithium Ion Batteries with the Impact on the Environment In-View

Bankole¹,

Cheng²,

Lei³

2013

JEE

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This survey is to review the advancement recorded so far in the lithium-ion battery recycling technologies in compliance with environmental laws. Amongst many of the technologies used to date, the best is the use of simple but scale-up dissolution technology involving non-toxic suitable organic solvents that can effectively dissolve toxic binder, PVdF in battery to avoid much pollution. Pollution through the hydrolysis of LiPF 6 from the lithium-ion battery can also be minimized through conversion to useful compounds instead of using Journal of Environment and Ecology

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Preparation of cobalt oxide from concentrated cathode material of spent lithium ion batteries by hydrometallurgical method

Cited by 112 publications

References 10 publications

Lixiviação Ácida De Baterias Íon-Lítio

Lixiviação Ácida De Baterias Íon-Lítio

High-Yield One-Pot Recovery and Characterization of Nanostructured Cobalt Oxalate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries and Successive Re-Synthesis of LiCoO2

Battery Recycling Technologies: Recycling Waste Lithium Ion Batteries with the Impact on the Environment In-View

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