Preparation of carboxylated polymer emulsion particles in which carboxyl groups are predominantly localized at surface layer by using the seeded emulsion polymerization technique

Abstract

SynopsisIt was studied how to localize carboxyl groups at the particle surface in a preparation of styrene (S)/butyl acrylate (BA)/methacrylic acid (MAA) polymer emulsion. The relative distribution of carboxyl groups in the emulsion was determined by conductometric titration method: in serum, a t surface, and inside particle. By seeded (two-stage) emulsion polymerization that S-BA-MAA terpolymer emulsion was first prepared at low pH and then second stage polymerization of S-BA was continued at high pH, S/BA/MAA polymer emulsion particles in which carboxyl groups are localized predominantly at the surface could be prepared.

Agglomeration of polybutadiene latex by highly carboxylated functional microspheres

“…The hydrodynamic shell thickness increases with hydrophilicity. 18,19 Hence it can be concluded that the viscosity increases with the hydrodynamic shell thickness of agglomerating agent.…”

Chemiluminescence Property of the Luminol-Hydrogen Peroxide-Copper(II) System in the Presence of Surface-Carboxylated Microspheres

“…3 The carboxylated microspheres were dispersed with a concentration of 0.25 g dm -3 or less, since well-dispersed emulsions could not be obtained above this value. On the other hand, we added acetic acid instead of microspheres to the CL reaction solution in order to supply carboxyl groups to the control samples.…”

“…1,2 Okubo et al 3 introduced carboxyl groups into a microsphere surface through seeded emulsion polymerization using methacrylic acid in order to give chemical reactivity to polymer particles. The present authors along with Takagi et al examined the adsorption ability of the surface-carboxylated microspheres to metal ions.…”

Conductometric titration as a technique to determine variation in conductivity in perfluorosulfonic acid materials for fuel cells and electrolyzers

“…The pre-treatment of the sample takes around 9 h where it is necessary first, adjusting the pH to 2 by the addition of 0.2 M HCl and then stirring for 2 h. The resulting emulsion was ultra-centrifuged for 2 h with the purpose of separating the serum and polymer particles and then the polymer particles were redispersed in distilled deionized water. This process was repeated three times and the supernatants were collected in each step to measure carboxyl groups in serum [10]. The methodology used in this work although simple, required a long time to obtain good results and the necessity of incorporating HCl to adjust the pH, may alter the results of the determination as it was mentioned in the above examples where it was used.…”