Preparation of Carbon‐Supported Metal Catalysts

Bitter, Johannes H.; Jong, Krijn P. de

doi:10.1002/9780470403709.ch5

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method was used as the catalyst preparation method for the Co/CNTs samples [13][14][15]18]. Based on the principles of the SEA method [19,20], the surface of functionalized CNTs would become negatively charged when the pH of the contacting solution was higher than the point of zero charge (PZC) of the CNTs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Confinement in Carbon Nanotubes Support on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Performance

et al. 2018

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Pre-treating the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) support by refluxing in 35 vol% nitric acid followed by heating at the temperature of 600 to 900 °C resulted in the formation of defects on the CNTs. Increasing the temperature of the pre-treatment of the CNTs from 600 °C to 900 °C, enhanced the fraction of cobalt-oxide nanoparticles encapsulated in the channels of CNTs from 31% to 70%. The performance of Co/CNTs in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was evaluated in a fixed-bed micro-reactor at a temperature of 240 °C and a pressure of 2.0 MPa. The highest CO conversion obtained over Co/CNTs.A.900 was 59% and it dropped by ~3% after 130 h of time-on-stream. However, maximum CO conversion using Co/CNTs.A.600 catalysts was 28% and it decreased rapidly by about 54% after 130 h of time-on-stream. These findings show that the combined acid and thermal pre-treatment of CNTs support at 900 °C has improved the stability and activity of the Co/CNTs catalyst in FTS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Confinement in Carbon Nanotubes Support on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Performance

et al. 2018

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“…The presence of these groups can affect the preparation of carbon-supported catalysts, as they induce an acid-base and/or hydrophilic character to the carbon surface. Thus, even if it has been demonstrated since many years that oxygen SFGs play a crucial role in the wetting of carbon supports and can affect dispersion or sintering of the metal particles [8,9], it is still a matter of debate whether they also function as anchoring sites for NPs [10]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the surface chemistry of carbon nanotubes: Toward a rational design of Ru nanocatalysts

Machado

Oubenali

Axet

et al. 2014

Journal of Catalysis

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A comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the surface chemistry of ruthenium nanoparticles supported on/in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported that could pave the way to the rational design of metal-carbon nanocomposites. It is shown that the oxidation of CNTs by nitric acid that creates various oxygen surface functional groups (SFGs) on the CNT external surface is a crucial step for metal grafting. In particular, it is demonstrated that carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride, and lactone groups act as anchoring centers for the Ru precursor, presumably as surface acetato ligands. The HNO 3 treatment that also allows CNT opening contributes to the endohedral Ru deposition. The stability of Ru nanoparticles, modeled by a Ru 13 cluster, on different adsorption sites follows the order: Gr-DV-(COOH) 2 > Gr-DV > Gr (where DV is a double vacancy and Gr the graphene surface). It is evidenced that, after a high-temperature treatment performed in order to remove the SFGs, the Ru/CNT material can react with oxygen from air via a surface reconstruction reaction, which reforms a stable Ru-acetato interface. The mechanism of this reaction has been investigated by DFT. These Ru/CNT catalysts are extremely stable, keeping a mean particle size <2 nm, even after heating at 973 K under a hydrogen atmosphere.

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“…Using these methods for the preparation of supported metal catalysts, the interaction between the precursor and supporting material and its pore systems shows the greatest influence on the dispersion of the metal on the support and thereby limits the metal loading [134]. Various factors play also a role in the distribution of the metal precursor on the support: type of metal compound, solvent used and pH of the solution [135,136].…”

Section: Impregnation Und Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To use the pore system of the supporting materials and obtain smaller catalyst particles with a uniform metal loading, the incipientwetness impregnation method was developed. The metal precursor is dissolved in exactly that amount of solvent, which is necessary to fill the pores of the supporting material, whereby a closer contact of the metal precursor and the support is guaranteed [134]. After the impregnation, the solvent is removed by a drying step and reduction of the metal precursor is necessary to form the active metal on carbon catalysts by adding a reducing agent, such as hydrogen, formaldehyde or sodium borohydride [1].…”

Section: Impregnation Und Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

Iwanow¹,

Gärtner²,

Sieber³

et al. 2020

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

111

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The preparation of activated carbon materials is discussed along selected examples of precursor materials, of available production and modification methods and possible characterization techniques. We evaluate the preparation methods for activated carbon materials with respect to its use as catalyst support and identify important parameters for metal loading. The considered carbon sources include coal, wood, agricultural wastes or biomass as well as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents or precursor solutions. The preparation of the activated carbon usually involves pre-treatment steps followed by physical or chemical activation and application dependent modification. In addition, highly porous materials can also be produced by salt templating or ultrasonic spray pyrolysis as well as by microwave irradiation. The resulting activated carbon materials are characterized by a variety of techniques such as SEM, FTIR, nitrogen adsorption, Boehm titrations, adsorption of phenol, methylene blue and iodine, TPD, CHNS/O elemental analysis, EDX, XPS, XRD and TGA.

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Preparation of Carbon‐Supported Metal Catalysts

Cited by 13 publications

References 77 publications

Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Confinement in Carbon Nanotubes Support on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Performance

Effect of Cobalt Catalyst Confinement in Carbon Nanotubes Support on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Performance

Understanding the surface chemistry of carbon nanotubes: Toward a rational design of Ru nanocatalysts

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

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