Preparation of carbon spheres by low-temperature pyrolysis of cyclic hydrocarbons

Koprinarov, N.; Konstantinova, M.

doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4951-0

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Among the methods employed to synthesize CNS and G, such as the arc plasma technique [ 9 , 10 ], hydrothermal reaction [ 11 , 12 ], spray pyrolysis [ 13 , 14 ] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], CVD as a simpler, lower-cost and easier-to-implement method shows some advantages including uniform surface coating by nanomaterials and homogenous growth of material with high purity and large yield [ 21 , 22 ]. In the CVD technique, certain catalysts are used for nanomaterial fabrication including Fe, Ni and Co for growing CNS, and Ni, Co and Cu for growing graphene [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core/Shell Structure of Ni/NiO Encapsulated in Carbon Nanosphere Coated with Few- and Multi-Layered Graphene: Synthesis, Mechanism and Application

2016

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This paper focuses on the synthesis and mechanism of carbon nanospheres (CNS) coated with few-and multi-layered graphene (FLG, MLG). The graphitic carbon encapsulates the core/shell structure of the Ni/NiO nanoparticles via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The application of the resulting CNS and hybrids of CNS-FLG and CNS-MLG as reinforcement nanofillers in a polypropylene (PP) matrix were studied from the aspects of mechanical and thermal characteristics. In this research, to synthesize carbon nanostructures, nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O) and acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) were used as the catalyst source and carbon source, respectively. Besides, the morphology, structure and graphitization of the resulting carbon nanostructures were investigated. On the other hand, the mechanisms of CNS growth and the synthesis of graphene sheets on the CNS surface were studied. Finally, the mechanical and thermal properties of the CNS/PP, CNS-FLG/PP, and CNS-MLG/PP composites were analyzed by applying tensile test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core/Shell Structure of Ni/NiO Encapsulated in Carbon Nanosphere Coated with Few- and Multi-Layered Graphene: Synthesis, Mechanism and Application

2016

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“…Including these nanodesigned carbon substances, the carbon nanospheres have drawn large considerations owing to their various uses in catalyst supports, anodes for lithium-ion batteries, electrodes for supercapacitors, lubricants, polymer, and rubber additives, which result from their exceptional properties, for instance, superior chemical stability, thermal insulation, low density, and high compressive strength [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ere are many different methods to synthesis the carbon nanospheres involving arc plasma technique [9], catalyzed pyrolysis [10], self-generated template manner [11], hydrothermal reaction [12], spray pyrolysis [13] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [14], etc. Currently, friendly environment synthesis technique has been advanced including transformation of easily obtainable precursors, for example, glucose [15] and cyclodextrins to carbon nanospheres beneath moderate conditions (hydrothermal reaction at 160-180°C) [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of S- and N-Codoped Carbon Nanospheres and Application as Adsorbent of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution

Hussain

Alwan

Alshamsi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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In this paper, green and facile synthesis of sulfur-and nitrogen-codoped carbon nanospheres (CNs) was prepared from the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L by a direct hydrothermal method. Finally, sulfur-carbon nanospheres (CNs) were used as the adsorbent to remove Pb +2 ions from aqueous solutions because of the high surface area of S-CNs from CNs and N-CNs. e synthesized nanospheres were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. e results show spherical shapes have a particle size of up to 65 nm with a high surface area capable of absorbing lead ions efficiently. Additionally, the factors affecting the process of adsorption that include equilibrium time, temperature, pH solution, ionic intensity, and adsorbent dose were studied. e equilibrium removal efficiency was studied employing Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm forms. e kinetic data were analyzed with two different kinetic models, and both apply to the adsorption process depending on the values of correlation coefficients. e thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy change (ΔH°), and standard entropy change (ΔS°) were calculated for the adsorption process.

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“…264 Low-temperature (∼600°C) pyrolytic decomposition of xylene, benzene, toluene, and naphthalene resulted in the formation of carbon spheres; although structurally very similar, the spheres fabricated from different precursors differed significantly with regard to their size. 265 An interesting link was found between sp hybridization of the precursors and gas flow rates, where higher flow rates increased the carbon formation from acetylene yet decreased nanostructure synthesis for ethane over a Ni mesh catalyst at 750°C. 266 Upon heating, acetylene is broken down into H, C 2 H, or CH, whereas ethane It has already been discussed that synthesis of CNTs at lower temperatures is highly desirable in terms of both minimizing the energy input during the synthesis and enabling direct assembly of the CNTs on the substrates with relatively low temperature tolerance.…”

Section: Effect Of Precursor Chemistry On Cnt Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Life Cycles of Natural-Precursor-Derived Nanocarbons

2015

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Sustainable societal and economic development relies on novel nanotechnologies that offer maximum efficiency at minimal environmental cost. Yet, it is very challenging to apply green chemistry approaches across the entire life cycle of nanotech products, from design and nanomaterial synthesis to utilization and disposal. Recently, novel, efficient methods based on nonequilibrium reactive plasma chemistries that minimize the process steps and dramatically reduce the use of expensive and hazardous reagents have been applied to low-cost natural and waste sources to produce value-added nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. This review discusses the distinctive effects of nonequilibrium reactive chemistries and how these effects can aid and advance the integration of sustainable chemistry into each stage of nanotech product life. Examples of the use of enabling plasma-based technologies in sustainable production and degradation of nanotech products are discussed-from selection of precursors derived from natural resources and their conversion into functional building units, to methods for green synthesis of useful naturally degradable carbon-based nanomaterials, to device operation and eventual disintegration into naturally degradable yet potentially reusable byproducts.

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Preparation of carbon spheres by low-temperature pyrolysis of cyclic hydrocarbons

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Core/Shell Structure of Ni/NiO Encapsulated in Carbon Nanosphere Coated with Few- and Multi-Layered Graphene: Synthesis, Mechanism and Application

Core/Shell Structure of Ni/NiO Encapsulated in Carbon Nanosphere Coated with Few- and Multi-Layered Graphene: Synthesis, Mechanism and Application

Green Synthesis of S- and N-Codoped Carbon Nanospheres and Application as Adsorbent of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution

Sustainable Life Cycles of Natural-Precursor-Derived Nanocarbons

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