Preparation of carbon fibre precursors from the pyrolysis and copyrolysis of Avgamasya asphaltite and Göynük oil shale: vacuum distillation and hexane extraction

Apak, E.; Yardim, M. Ferhat; Eki̇nci̇, Ekrem

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(01)00296-2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…air-dry basis) Moisture On an original basis. Source: Metecan et al (1999), Demirbaş (2000),Şengüler (2000), Apak et al (2002), and Olukcu et al (2002). different ratios of Seyitömer OS-lignite pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis product yield and chemical composition.…”

Section: Seyitömer Oil Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olukcu et al (2002) have studied optimum liquefaction temperatures for the Beypazari OS by subjecting it to conventional and free-falling pyrolysis at different temperatures. They concluded that free-falling pyrolysis gave maximum conversion (61.9%) at 873 K, while conventional pyrolysis gave 50.5% at 798 K. Apak et al (2002) also used Göynük OS (GOS) and Avgamasya asphaltite (AA) mixed in various ratios as raw material for pitch precursors. Pure GOS and AA, and their mixtures, were pyrolyzed at 550 • C. The copyrolysis results for GOS and AA indicated that a lower pyrolysis yield was obtained for higher asphaltite content.…”

Section: Seyitömer Oil Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil Shale as an Alternative Energy Source

Hepbaşlı

2004

Energy Sources

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Oil shale (OS) is one of the world's most important energy resources, and its use can be traced back to ancient times. The objective of this study is to investigate many aspects of OS as an alternative energy source inTurkey, giving Turkey's OS deposits, the history of oil in Turkey, and some studies conducted to evaluate OSs. Research into the utilization of Turkish OSs has been going on since the 1970s, while OSs comprise the second largest solid fuel deposit in Turkey after lignites. OS deposits in Turkey are widely distributed in middle and western Anatolia, with an estimated current reserve of approximately 1,865 million tons. Other potential areas in the north Anatolian fault zone are also under investigation. With the continuing decline of petroleum supplies, accompanied by increasing costs of petroleum-based products, OS may present opportunities for supplying some of Turkey's fossil energy needs in the years ahead.Imports supply more than 60% of the energy requirement of Turkey, although Turkey produces and consumes all kinds of energy resources. In 1999, primary energy (PE) consumption was 76.6 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe), while production was 27.1 Mtoe, and only 35% of demand was met by domestic sources. The energy demand will continue to depend on imported energy in the coming years, more so than at present, for instance, 72% and 76% in 2010 and 2020, respectively (Ediger and Tatlidil, 2002.PE resources that are produced in Turkey are hard coal, lignite, asphaltite, petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectric energy, and geothermal energy. The PE production in Turkey increased by about 8.9%, and the total PE supply increased by 6.2% in 1997. The installed energy capacity of Turkey reached about 21.8 GW in 1997. Turkey's natural energy resources are quite diversified; hard coal, lignite, asphaltite, oil, natural gas, hydro, geothermal, wood, animal and plant wastes, solar, and secondary energy resources, such as coke and briquettes, are produced and consumed. Although Turkey's oil and natural gas reserves seem limited, coal reserves are quite abundant (Demirbaş, 2002).OSs comprise the second largest solid fuel reserve in Turkey, after lignites, with reserves totaling approximately 5 billion tons (Bt) in 7 areas in western and central

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Section: Seyitömer Oil Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seyitömer Oil Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Shale as an Alternative Energy Source

Hepbaşlı

2004

Energy Sources

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“…So it is necessary to seek alternative energy resources. A lot of studies [1][2][3][4] have been carried out on shale oil whose world reserves are 500 times as high as those of oil [5]. However, the mineral matter contained in oil shale makes its use as a source of energy difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of various parameters on the supercritical extraction of Moroccan oil shales: Application in the elaboration of carbon foams and graphitizable carbons

Abourriche¹,

Oumam²,

Mansouri³

et al. 2023

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This study evaluates the possibilities to produce new materials, starting from Moroccan oil shales, for different applications. More specifically, the authors aimed to demonstrate that the organic fraction of the oil shales could be used as a precursor of carbon foams and graphitizable carbons, after appropriate chemical treatments resulting in the "maturation" of this organic phase. First, the researchers studied the optimization of experimental conditions and the identification of various parameters influencing the yield and composition of oils obtained by the supercritical extraction of Moroccan oil shale. The effect of various experimental parameters, such as mineral matter, thermal treatment temperature (T), treatment duration (t) and solvent type, was studied. The experimental results obtained show clearly that the organic matter contained in the Moroccan Tarfaya oil shale (sub-layer R 3 ) can be recovered by phenol under the following optimal conditions: T = 390 °C, t = 2.5 hours using phenol as a solvent with an amount of 15 g for each 10 g of sub-layer R 3 carbonate-free oil shale (RH) . The results reveal that the yield and composition of the oil obtained by extraction with phenol is markedly different from those obtained by extraction with toluene, quinoline or withoutThe effect of various parameters on the supercritical extraction of Moroccan oil shales … solvent. Furthermore, the phenol has a very significant role in increasing the recovery yield and the degree of maturation of the obtained oil. It was shown that phenol was a suitable extraction solvent to produce graphitizable carbon at a relatively low temperature, below 1800 °C.

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“…Generally the relevant literature for utilization of asphaltite have included details such as the desulfurization [2], oil aglomerization of asphaltite [1], characterization of asphaltite structure [4] and pyrolysis in different reactor(s) [3,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%