1 wileyonlinelibrary.com www.particle-journal.com www.MaterialsViews.com 1D nanostructured metal oxides with porous structure have drawn wide attention to being used as high-performance anode materials for lithiumion batteries (LIBs). This study puts forward a simple and scalable strategy to synthesize porous NiO nanorods with the help of a thermal treatment of metal-organic frameworks in air. The NiO nanorods with an average diameter of approximately 38 nm are composed of nanosized primary particles. When evaluated as anode materials for LIBs, an initial discharge capacity of 743 mA h g −1 is obtained at a current density of 100 mA g −1 , and a high reversible capacity is still maintained as high as 700 mA h g −1 even after 60 charge-discharge cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance is mainly ascribed to the 1D porous structure.Unfortunately, the pulverization of the electrode associated with volume expansion and contraction during the chargedischarge process limits their real-world application. [9] There are many ways to solve this problem. One effective solution is to fabricate porous nanostructure with large surface areas and suitable pores, which can not only effectively improve the diffusion rate of Li + /electrons, but also locally relieve the pressure caused by the volume changes during the lithiation-delithiation process. [10] 1D porous structure with large surface-to-volume ratio and short diffusion length can effectively compromise volume changes during the insertion-extraction of Li + and thus improve the cycling performance. Although the structure has been demonstrated more or less effectively, there is still much room for further improvement.Metal-organic framework (MOF), a novel type of porous material composed of metal ions or clusters and organic ligands, has been extensively researched. MOFs, characterized by various skeletal and well-defined pore structure are suitable for applications in supercapacitor, [11] sensing, [12] adsorption, [13] and drug delivery. [14] Inspired by the high surface areas and tunable structures, MOFs have been considered as prospective precursors to fabricate nanostructured porous metal oxides by simple thermal treatment in air. Through the topological conversion by thermal treatment, the expected metal oxides should be obtained easily with a similar morphology to the nanoscale MOFs precursors and a certain degree of permanent porosity originated from the liberation of gas molecules. Compared with other precursors, MOFs have attracted much attention due to their large surface area (about 7000 m 2 g −1 ), high porosity, low density, controllable structure, and tunable pore size. The pore size of MOFs precursors can be tuned by changing organic ligands, with the largest aperture of 9.8 nm. [15] In this respect, Zhang et al. [16] synthesized Fe 2 O 3 microboxes by onestep thermal decomposition of Prussian blue microcubes; Wu et al. [17] prepared porous CuO hollow octahedral by annealing Cu-MOFs templates; Xu et al. [18] fabricated spindle-like porous α-Fe 2 O 3 ...