Preparation of Ca/Zr mixed oxide catalysts through a birch-templating route for the synthesis of biodiesel via transesterification

Liu, Liuchen; Zhang, Wen; Cui, Guomin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.025

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…They reported that formation of CaZrO 3 can increase the activity of esterification reaction rate by raising the strength of basic sites. The same result was obtained by Liu et al [18] when the birch template method was utilized for fabrication of Ca/Zr mixed metal oxide and the yield of 92.6% was obtained at catalyst mass fraction of 8%, 72:1 M ratio of methanol to rapeseed oil, reaction temperature 120 °C and a reaction time of 6 h.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of calcination temperature on the activity of mesoporous CaO/TiO2–ZrO2 catalyst in the esterification reaction

2018

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In the present study, the effect of calcination temperature on the structure and performance of mesoporous CaO/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 catalyst fabricated by sol-gel method used in the esterification reaction was assessed. Then, CaO/TiO 2 catalyst was also synthesized via the same method to evaluate the effect of zirconia cations on its properties and activity. The samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmittance infra-red (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-BarrettJoyner-Halenda (BJH), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Moreover, Hammett indicator method was utilized to assess the acidity and basicity of the samples. It was found that zirconium was clearly incorporated in CaO/TiO 2 lattice and transformed that from amorphous phase to crystalline structure. In addition, the basicity and acidity of CaO/TiO 2 was clearly increased by zirconia loading. Evaluation of the samples' activity presented that CaO/TiO 2 catalyst exhibit no activity in the esterification reaction, while all CaO/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 catalysts showed high ability to convert oleic acid to its ester. Moreover, the catalyst calcined at 400 °C showed the highest activity in the esterification reaction with desirable properties such as high crystallinity, acidity, basicity and surface area along with well-distribution of particle size and pore size. The best catalyst converted around 90% of oleic acid to ester at optimized conditions of 150 °C, 12:1 molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid, 3 wt% of catalyst for 4 h of reaction time. Moreover, the sample was successfully used for five runs without significant reduction in activity that makes it a suitable choice as a catalyst for industrial applications.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of calcination temperature on the activity of mesoporous CaO/TiO2–ZrO2 catalyst in the esterification reaction

2018

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“…The generation of biodiesel reaction is fulfiled by 300 repeating the reaction pathway three times [24,31]. In the whole 301 catalytic process, the high BET surface area and small particle 302 size of the solid base catalyst seem to facilitate the capture and 303 release of the proton from the alcohol, thus producing an enhanced 304 FAME content [32][33][34].…”

Section: Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano La2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis by transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil

Zhou

Zhang

Chang

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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“…The poisoning may deactivate the active basic sites of the catalyst. Furthermore, the low stability of the catalyst also contributes to the leaching problem (Ezzah-Mahmudah et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2015;Reyero et al, 2016;Wong et al, 2015;Yan et al, 2016). Additionally, the bulky structure of CaO makes it a non-porous catalyst.…”

Section: Modification Of Calcium Oxide For Transesterification Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of mesoporous calcium titanate catalyst for transesterification of used cooking oil: A review of the synthesized potential

Yahya¹,

Ngadi²

2020

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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Biodiesel is a promising alternative for conventional diesel fuel due to the unsustainable feature of the resources and unstable price of the fuels. However, the production cost is higher compared to the conventional ones and is significantly contributed from the feedstock. Realizing that a large portion of used cooking oil (UCO) is generated daily, this review aims to investigate and explore the production of biodiesel from UCO. In the production reaction process, undoubtedly, the catalyst plays an important role. It has been shown that calcium oxide (CaO) is one of the best heterogeneous basic catalysts in the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. However, the catalyst has a low surface area which restricts the active basic sites to disperse on the catalyst surface. Moreover, CaO catalyst faces leaching problem, poor stability, and porosity which hinder its catalytic activity and reusability. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to review the potential of titanium as a support catalyst to modify CaO supported titanium with a mesoporous structure (mesoporous calcium titanate) by a sol-gelhydrothermal method to overcome the limitations of CaO catalyst.

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Preparation of Ca/Zr mixed oxide catalysts through a birch-templating route for the synthesis of biodiesel via transesterification

Cited by 39 publications

References 41 publications

Influence of calcination temperature on the activity of mesoporous CaO/TiO2–ZrO2 catalyst in the esterification reaction

Influence of calcination temperature on the activity of mesoporous CaO/TiO2–ZrO2 catalyst in the esterification reaction

Nano La2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis by transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil

Synthesis of mesoporous calcium titanate catalyst for transesterification of used cooking oil: A review of the synthesized potential

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