Preparation of barium hexaferrite powders using oxidized steel scales waste

Septiani, Ardita; Idayanti, Novrita; Kristiantoro, Tony

doi:10.1063/1.4941611

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Figure 1.b) shows the XRD pattern after the roasting process at 600 °C, the majority of peaks were identified with Fe2O3 (labelled as c), accompanied with relatively lower intensity magnetites Fe3O4 (b). In the previous study [4], there were no significant amount of Fe3O4 (labelled as b) observed. This probably due to the inconsistency of the oxidation during the hot milling process.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Milling for 50 h in a jar mill helped breaks down most of the scales with subsequent screening using a 45 µm opening mesh. Roasting at 600 °C for 4 h was conducted to aid the formation of Fe 3+ ions by first increasing the amount of hematite (rhombohedral Fe2O3) as our previous study suggests [4]. Mixing with NiO powders (technical grade, Anhui Fitech Materials) were conducted in a high energy shaker mill for 10 h. Calcination were brought at 900°C for 4 h. The resulting powders then further milled in the shaker mill for 5 h with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (Merck) that acts as a binder for the sintering process.…”

Section: A Materials and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to steel and irons that are dominantly utilized as structural materials, ferrites have the application in the electrical and electronics that partly owing to their particular permittivity and permeability values. Several studies attempted to utilize mill scales to produce ferrites such as Zn-ferrites [3], Ba-hexaferrites [3]- [4], Mg-ferrites [5], and NiZn-ferrites [6]. Niferrites has considerably lower magnetic crystalline anisotropy constant of 0.07 × 10 6 erg/cm 3 [7] in comparison to other ferrites, such as, NiZn-ferrites at 2.63 × 10 5 to 5.94 × 10 5 erg/cm 3 [8], Co-ferrites at 2.96 × 10 6 erg/cm 3 [7] and Mg-ferrites 6.1 × 10 6 erg/cm 3 [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous study, we have tried to prepare the hexagonal barium ferrites using the mill scale with the aid of roasting process to obtain Fe2O3 [4]. In this study, we aim to prepare Ni-ferrites from the oxidized mill scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Structural, Magnetic, and X-Band Microwave Absorbing Properties of Ni-Ferrites Prepared Using Oxidized Mill Scales

Septiani¹,

Idayanti²,

Kristiantoro³

et al. 2021

J. Elektron. dan Telekomun.

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This study aims to evaluate the structural, magnetic, and microwave absorbing properties at the X-band region of oxidized mill scales as by-product derived from a steel making process by means of a facile solid-state reaction. The oxidized mill scales were heated at 600 °C for 4 h followed by mixing with NiO. A calcination process took place at 900 °C and sintering process were conducted at 1260 °C with a milling process conducted in between the heating process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were employed to evaluate the structural properties of the Ni-ferrites samples. Remacomp measurement were conducted to evaluate the magnetic properties and vector network analyzer (VNA) to measure its microwave properties. A single phase of NiFe2O4 was confirmed by XRD data. The site occupancies derived from the Rietveld refinement shows that the Ni:Fe:O ratio deviates from the 1:2:4 ratio as that suggests vacancies formed in the Ni2+ and Fe3+ that lowers the unit cell density to 5.08 g/cm3 that further confirmed by EDS measurement. The coercivity of 11 kOe is also higher than the bulk NiFe2O4¬ prepared by the chemical grade raw materials. The reflection data of the microwave properties at X-band of 8-12 GHz do not shows significant absorptions. This study suggests that the selected preparation method yields a single phase, however with the significant crystallographic defects and has less ‘soft’ magnetic properties compared to NiFe2O4 prepared using chemical grade by previous study.

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Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: A Materials and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%