Preparation of atomically clean surfaces of selected elements: A review

Musket, R. G.; McLean, W.; Colmenares, C.A.; Makowiecki, Daniel M; Siekhaus, Wigbert J.

doi:10.1016/0378-5963(82)90142-8

Cited by 348 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 523 publications

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“…The Pd{111} surface was pretreated with hydrogen at exposures of Ϸ1,000 Langmuirs and then cleaned in vacuum using sputtering, annealing, and oxygen treatments. The oxygen treatments and final high-temperature anneal (Ϸ1,200 K) remove hydrogen from the topmost Pd layers but leave small amounts of atomic hydrogen throughout the bulk (25). From knowledge of the amount of H to which the crystal previously had been exposed, we were able to estimate the average hydrogen population in the bulk to be Ϸ1 H for every 2,000 Pd atoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Observation and manipulation of subsurface hydride in Pd{111} and its effect on surface chemical, physical, and electronic properties

Sykes

Fernandez-Torres

Nanayakkara

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We report the observation and manipulation of hydrogen atoms beneath the surface of a Pd{111} crystal by using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. These subsurface hydride sites have been postulated to have critical roles in hydrogen storage, metal embrittlement, fuel cells, and catalytic reactions, but they have been neither observed directly nor selectively populated previously. We demonstrate that the subsurface region of Pd can be populated with hydrogen atoms from the bulk by applying voltage pulses from a scanning tunneling microscope tip. This phenomenon is explained with an inelastic excitation mechanism, whereby hydrogen atoms in the bulk are excited by tunneling electrons and are promoted to more stable sites in the subsurface region. We show that this selectively placed subsurface hydride affects the electronic, geometric, and chemical properties of the surface. Specifically, we observed the effects of hydride formation on surface deformation and charge and on adsorbed hydrogen on the surface. Hydrogen segregation and overlayer vacancy ordering on the Pd{111} have been characterized and explained in terms of the surface changes attributable to selective hydrogen occupation of subsurface hydride sites in Pd{111}.atomic manipulation ͉ catalysis ͉ palladium ͉ hydrogen ͉ scanning tunneling microscopy

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Observation and manipulation of subsurface hydride in Pd{111} and its effect on surface chemical, physical, and electronic properties

Sykes

Fernandez-Torres

Nanayakkara

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The W surface was cleaned by the standard technique of annealing the sample at 1550 K in an oxygen environment with periodic flashes to 2400 K [64]. As discussed in detail below, cleanliness is assessed via the W 4f 7/2 photoemission spectra.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core-level spectroscopy of the Ni/W(110) interface: Correlation of W interfacial core-level shifts with first-layer Ni phases

et al. 2008

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We have measured W 4f 7/2 core-level photoemission spectra from W(110) in the presence of Ni overlayers, from ∼0.2 to ∼3 monolayers. Interfacial core-level shifts associated with first-layer Ni phases have been identified: −230 ± 15 meV for the 1×1 pseudomorphic phase and −70 ± 7 meV for the 7×1 close-packed commensurate phase. At higher Ni coverages the interfacial core-level shift is −100 ± 10 meV. These shifts are analyzed using the partial-shift model of Nilsson et al. [Phys. Rev. B 38 (1988) 10357]; the analysis indicates that the difference in binding energies between the 1×1 and 7×1 phases has a large contribution from structural differences between the two phases.

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“…9 The diffusion of S to the surface of metals is common and has been seen for Cr, Ni, Cu, and Fe. 29 ,30…”

Section: Core-level Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the interaction of Cr with MoS2(0001)

et al. 1994

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Preparation of atomically clean surfaces of selected elements: A review

Cited by 348 publications

References 523 publications

Observation and manipulation of subsurface hydride in Pd{111} and its effect on surface chemical, physical, and electronic properties

Observation and manipulation of subsurface hydride in Pd{111} and its effect on surface chemical, physical, and electronic properties

Core-level spectroscopy of the Ni/W(110) interface: Correlation of W interfacial core-level shifts with first-layer Ni phases

Soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the interaction of Cr with MoS2(0001)

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