Preparation of and drug release from W/O/W type double emulsions containing anticancer agents using an oily lymphographic agent as an oil phase.

Abstract

W/O/W type double emulsions stable for a long time were prepared by two-step emulsification procedures using an oily lymphographic agent, Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid, and a derivative of hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-10) as an oil phase. The yield of W/O/W type double emulsions was about 90%. Although the yield was not lowered by vigorous dispersion with a homogenizer, the size of oil droplets was decreased and the release rate of cytarabine was enhanced. Neither the concentration of cytarabine in, nor the volume of, the inner aqueous phase affected the release pattern of cytarabine from W/O/W type double emulsions. The release rate of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from the W/O/W type double emulsion was so fast that the release was completed within 1 h. The release of cytarabine and glucose was sustained and peplomycin was hardly released from the W/O/W type double ernulsion. W/O type emulsions or W/O/W type double emulsions prepared in this study might be suitable as carriers of drugs such as peplomycin.

Influence of hydrophilic surfactants on the properties of multiple W/O/W emulsions

“…Therefore, due to their structure and properties, multiple emulsions are of high interest for several fields of application such as carriers for dermal drug delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients in pharmaceuticals [1][2][3], cosmetics [4] and e.g. for the encapsulation of flavours in food [5].…”

Emulsification of oil in water as affected by different parameters

“…The surface tension, viscosity, and electrostatic interactions being dependent on the ionic strength of the medium (Eqs. (5), (7), and (10)) affect the value of critical shear rate and parameter E (Eq. (9)) and hence the size and number of droplets.…”

“…Emulsions are considered to be very important fluids due to their specific characteristics and applications in medicine and the petroleum, chemical, and food industries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The work reported up to now is mostly on complicated systems consisting of water, oils, electrolytes, surfactants, and several other such materials [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Ibuprofen-in-cyclodextrin-in-W/O/W emulsion – Improving the initial and long-term encapsulation efficiency of a model active ingredient

“…However, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals usually have a more complex molecular structure with both polar and non-polar moieties. The articles describing encapsulation of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals usually reports significantly lower initial and long term encapsulation efficiency compared to small model compounds with non-amphiphilic nature (Fukushima, Nishida, & Nakano, 1987;Hino, Shimabayashi, Tanaka, Nakano, & Okochi, 2001;O'Regan & Mulvihill, 2010;Paul, Kumar, Yedurkar, & Sawant, 2013). Preliminary studies in our lab have also shown that highly polar/ionic model compounds without hydrophobic domains/moieties are easily entrapped, while drugs with small non-polar moieties are released at a much higher rate, including ionic substances with lipophilic moieties.…”