Preparation of an Inactivated Tissue Culture Scrub Typhus Vaccine

Plotz, Harry; Bennett, B. M.; Reagan, Reginald L.

doi:10.3181/00379727-61-15309

Cited by 14 publications

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“…I t also has been employed in earlier studies of scrub typhus vaccine in this laboratory (17). T h e 101st to 128th yolk sac passages of the Kostival strain provided material for the present work.…”

Section: ~0mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HI blood taken in January, 1943, from a soldier who contracted the disease in the B u n a -G u n a area of New Guinea. T h e Karp agent was used previously in this laboratory for the prepara- t.ion of vaccine by two different methods (16,17). Suspensions of tissue of the 27th to 41st yolk sac passages were used in the current studies.…”

Section: ~0mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for heterogeneity is obtained in serological studies which employ complement fixation (11, 12), serum protection (13), and toxin-antitoxin techniques (14). Non-infectious vaccines of several types are capable of immunizing mice against the homologous strain of R. tsutsugamushi (15)(16)(17) but the degree of protection elicited by such materials against heterologous strains is unknown. The present report supplies information on this point and provides additional evidence of antigenic differences among the members of the scrub typhus group of agents.…”

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Studies on Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Disease)

Rights

Smadel

1948

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Although animals which recover from disease induced by one strain of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi are resistant to infection with heterologous strains (1-10), all organisms now grouped in this subgenus are not antigenically homogeneous. Evidence for heterogeneity is obtained in serological studies which employ complement fixation (11, 12), serum protection (13), and toxin-antitoxin techniques (14). Non-infectious vaccines of several types are capable of immunizing mice against the homologous strain of R. tsutsugamushi (15)(16)(17) but the degree of protection elicited by such materials against heterologous strains is unknown. The present report supplies information on this point and provides additional evidence of antigenic differences among the members of the scrub typhus group of agents. Materials and MethodsStrains ofR. tsutsugamushi.--The eight strains of R. tsutsugamushi employed in the current investigation were selected to represent the agent as obtained from various geographical areas and from different zoological sources; i.e., men, mites, and rats. The origin and lineal descent of these strains are given in some detail in the following paragraphs since it appears desirable to establish these points clearly. Certain of the immunological and serological data which indicate the known relationships of the eight to each other, or to additional strains of R.

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Section: ~0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ~0mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Disease)

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Smadel

1948

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Methods applicable to the other rickettsiae are not satisfactory here. So far clear protec tion has been evidenced only following intraperitoneal vaccination and intraperitoneal challenge (6,43,44), and subcutaneous vacci nation has not protected against intraperitoneal challenge. How ever, the protection afforded by intraperitoneal vaccination ap pears to be specific (6).…”

Section: Immunological Relationships Among the Rickettsiaementioning

confidence: 99%

The Rickettsiae

Topping¹,

Shepard²

1947

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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The rickettsiae and the diseases they cause have been inten sively studied during the past six years. The recent work was stimulated by the probability that many troops would be exposed to certain of the rickettsial diseases during the war. Another strong stimulus was the development of methods for the culth:ation of large numbers of rickettsiae in the yolk sacs of hens' fertile eggs. Until 1940-41 the investigations of this group or organisms had been primarily concerned with the diseases per se, the epidemi ology, vector transmission, and reservoirs. Zinsser and his group and others had done some work on serological relationships but were handicapped by the fact that production of adequate quanti ties of suspensions rich in rickettsiae was difficult if not almost impossible. Much had been done on the relationships of the rickettsiae to the Proteus X strains although no very satisfactory explanation of the Weil-Felix test had been forth coming. The dif ferentiation of the various rickettsial agents depended almost en tirely upon the disease picture produced in animals and the results of cross-immunity and neutralization tests. These at best were fre quently somewhat crude and demonstrated only major differences. Only Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine had been produced in sufficient quantity to be of practical significance. It was derived from the tissues of infected ticks and its manufacture so tedious and costly that the supply was very limited. Many had described methods for the preparation of vaccines against typhus fever but none of these had been definitely proven to be of value, or they involved such difficult and delicate procedures that they were not considered practical.This, then, was the status of the rickettsial field when several methods were described for the cultivation of large numbers of rickettsiae, and the war focused attention upon this group of dis eases. 333 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1947.1:333-350. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Bath on 02/04/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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“…The development of a vaccine against scrub typhus is still essentially in the laboratory stages. Vaccines have been prepared from the spleens or lungs of infected mice, cotton rats, and white rats (6,15,60) and from agar tissue cultures of rickettsia (46). Aside from the fact that the manufacture of these vaccines on a large scale by these methods would be difficult (60), their protective value for man has yet to be determined.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symposium on Viral and Rickettsial Diseases 1

1950

Bacteriological Reviews

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Preparation of an Inactivated Tissue Culture Scrub Typhus Vaccine

Cited by 14 publications

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Studies on Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Disease)

Studies on Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Disease)

The Rickettsiae

Symposium on Viral and Rickettsial Diseases 1

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