Preparation of allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles, their anti‐inflammatory activity towards RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and anti‐proliferative effect on HT1376 bladder cancer cells

Abstract

BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a volatile and water‐insoluble compound present in several cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to possess several biological qualities such as anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, and anti‐cancer activity. In this study, water‐soluble allyl isothiocyanate nanoparticles (AITC‐NPs) were prepared by oil dispersed in water (O/W) microemulsion and complex coacervation techniques and evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity towards macrophage cell RAW 264.7 and anti‐cancer effect on human bladder cancer cell HT1376. RESULTS The AITC‐NPs with a particle size of 9.4 nm were stable during heating up to 110 °C or three freeze‐thawing cycles. No significant cytotoxicity was shown on Caco‐2 and intestine epithelial IEC‐6 cells at AITC‐NP doses ranging from 0.25 to 2 g L−1 (8.75–70 mg L−1 AITC). However, at 2 g L−1 dosage, AITC‐NPs could inhibit the growth of human bladder cancer cells HT1376 by 90%, while their low dosage at 0.25 g L−1 could inhibit migration ability by 83.7, 71.3, 58.4 and 31.4% after 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation, respectively. Compared to AITC and NPs, AITC‐NPs showed a better inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced TNF‐α, IL‐6, NO and iNOS production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the potential of AITC‐NPs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of bladder cancer and the enhancement of immune function. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

Sensitivity of allyl isothiocyanate to induce apoptosis via ER stress and the mitochondrial pathway upon ROS production in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells

“…Moreover, abundant glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, such as indoles and isothiocyanates (ITCs), are included (7,8). Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) belongs to the ITC family and exerts several vital biological effects, including antitumor and anticancer cell proliferation effects on cultured cancer cell lines and animal tumor models (13,42). Therefore, AITC is a health-promoting phytochemical compound that possesses preventive effects and may be a potential therapeutic agent.…”

Beneficial Health Effects of Glucosinolates-Derived Isothiocyanates on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…AITC suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in HUVECs [ 206 , 207 ]. AITC nanoparticles used in the study of Chang et al [ 208 ] suppressed TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and iNOS production even more [ 208 ]. AITC decreased iNOS expression and reduced microRNA-155 (miR-155) levels (belongs to microRNAs class of transcription factors involved in transcriptional regulation of cellular processes including inflammation) by inhibiting NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation [ 209 ].…”

Eradication of Myrosinase-Tethered Cancer Cells by Allyl Isothiocyanate Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sinigrin

“…Our approach is more targeted and safer, as sinigrin has no toxic effect on cells. Some in vitro studies have shown the delivery of AITC using nanoparticles [38][39][40]; however, such an approach poses side effects because of potential leaking out of AITC before nanocarriers arrive at targeted sites for in vivo delivery. To circumvent this detrimental AITC release causing collateral damage to healthy normal cells, in situ production of AITC is desirable and therefore administration of sinigrin as a prodrug is safe, as it is biologically inactive until catalyzed into AITC when encountering myrosinase.…”