Preparation of alginate lyases from marine molluscs for protoplast isolation in brown algae

Isolation and characterization of two alginate lyase isozymes, AkAly28 and AkAly33, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai

“…During the purification of these enzymes, we detected considerably high alginate lyase activity in the crude enzyme preparation. Although alginate lyase activities were detected in the digestive fluid of A. depilans and A. californica (Boyen et al, 1990) and buccal juice of A. juliana (Wakabayashi et al, 1999), no alginate lyase from Aplysia sp. has been purified.…”

“…To date gastropod alginate lyases have been isolated from abalone Haliotis rufescens and H. corrugate (Nakada et al, 1967), H. tuberculata (Boyen et al, 1990;Heyraud et al, 1996), H. discus hannai (Shimizu et al, 2003;Suzuki et al, 2006), H. iris (Hata et al, 2009); turban shell Turbo cornutus (Muramatsu et al, 1977); small marine snail Littorina sp. (Elyakova et al, 1974), Omphalius rusticus and L. brevicula (Hata et al, 2009); and sea hare Dolabella auricular (Nisizawa et al, 1968).…”

cDNA cloning and bacterial expression of a PL-14 alginate lyase from a herbivorous marine snail Littorina brevicula

“…[8][9][10][11] Alginate lyase is an alginate-degrading enzyme that splits alginate via a β-elimination reaction to produce oligosaccharides possessing an unsaturated sugar, 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranosyluronate, at the new non-reducing terminus. [2][3][4] Alginate lyases are distributed over brown algae, 12,13 herbivorous marine mollusks, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] marine and soil bacteria 4,[23][24][25][26][27][28] and Chlorella virus. 29 According to the substrate preferences, alginate lyases are basically classified into poly(M) lyases (EC 4.2.2.3) and poly(G) lyases (EC 4.2.2.11), which are specific for poly(M)-block and poly(G)-block, respectively.…”

Catalytically important amino-acid residues of abalone alginate lyase HdAly assessed by site-directed mutagenesis

“…Alginate lyases are found in brown algae [11,12], marine mollusks [13][14][15][16][17], Chlorella virus [18] and various soil and marine bacteria [4,[19][20][21], and have been classified as poly(M) lyases (EC 4.2.2.3) and poly(G) lyases (EC 4.2.2.11), which preferentially degrade the poly(M)-block and poly(G)-block, respectively. Recently, bifunctional alginate lyases which act on both poly(M) and poly(G) blocks have also been isolated [20,22].…”

“…[23] and abalone [17]. Alginate 3 lyases are useful not only for production of alginate oligosaccharides but also for production of protoplasts from brown algae because alginate is a major constituent of the cell wall and intercellular matrices in this organism [14,[24][25][26][27].…”