Preparation of ADNBF with low-acidity by reactive crystallization

Kim, Junwoo; Kim, Jae-Kyeong; Kim, Eui Jung; Kim, Hyoun-Soo; Koo, Kee-Kahb

doi:10.1007/s11814-010-0061-6

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Liquid inclusion exerts deleterious effects on the manufacturing, safe storage, and handling of crystals, such as phase transition, caking, compaction, sintering, and chemical stability. In particular, it has been reported that the liquid inclusion area in the crystalline explosive materials such as RDX acts as the specific region in which a decomposition reaction is readily initiated. − A commercial RDX with a lower level of liquid inclusion, known as a reduced sensitivity RDX (RS-RDX), was demonstrated to show reduced shock sensitivity when it is incorporated in cast cure and plastic bonded explosives . Therefore, a study on suppression of occurrence of liquid inclusion during crystallization of high-energetic materials has been extensively made. ,,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Internal Seeding and Temperature Cycling for Reduction of Liquid Inclusion in the Crystallization of RDX

Kim

et al. 2011

Org. Process Res. Dev.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the cooling crystallization of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) from γ-butyrolactone, an internal seeding method combined with temperature cycling, was applied to suppress liquid inclusion and improve particle size and size distribution for RDX at initial saturation temperatures of 60À80 °C. The process parameters including initial cooling rate, the range of the temperature cycle, and recooling rate during crystal growth period were determined based on direct measurements of size and amount of liquid inclusion of RDX crystals. Crystal size was measured by a dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer. Liquid inclusion was characterized in mass and area measurement based content by gas chromatography and matching refractive index method combined with image analysis. In the present work, RDX particles with average crystal sizes of 169.0À322.0 μm and inclusion area contents of 4.4À5.3% were obtained. Those values imply that the crystal quality of RDX is much improved compared with those of commercial RDXs such as Hanwha-RDX (conventional grade; average crystal size of 158.0 μm and inclusion area content of 9.3%) and I-RDX (reduced sensitivity grade; average crystal size of 218.0 μm and inclusion area content of 5.0%). For instance, the average crystal size of RDX obtained from a saturated solution at 70 °C by the present method is 290.3 μm, which was much larger than that of I-RDX, but the inclusion area content was about 4.6%, which was even lower than that of I-RDX.

show abstract